Abstract: The present invention for data distribution relates to a network wherein a distributor, which may be an Ethernet switch, is used in combination with active taps and programmable logic controllers to increase data transfer speeds and the volumes of transmission using active branching elements, i.e., active taps, that are interconnected via a bus line.

Abstract: The invention relates to a network wherein a distributor, particularly an Ethernet switch is used to increase the transfer speed and the volume of transmission active branching elements being connected thereto via the bus line.

Abstract: In a process for interconnecting computers and/or computer networks, the occurrence of an interruption in the network system is detected. A redundant connection is activated as a function of said interruption. The redundant connection is inactive in undisturbed operation. The presence of an interruption is detected by determining whether a data signal appears within a predetermined period of time at the connectors of a redundant connective device. Different criteria are provided to interrupt a closed connecting ring generated by the activation of the redundant connecting device when the initial interference in the network system is eliminated.

Abstract: An intermediate amplification process for digital signals with pulse regeneration, determines the phase difference between the receiving timing signal and the local transmission timing signal and alters the phase of the local transmission timing signal as a function of the phase difference. It is particularly advantageous that the receiving timing signal is used as the transmission timing signal as soon as the phase difference becomes essentially zero. It is possible in this manner to minimize both the startup time delay and the packet spacing, as the number of bits to be stored intermediately may be kept low.