Abstract: A structural component comprises a body structure defining an interface surface. A composite panel comprises a plurality of reinforcing fibers encapsulated in a resin. An adhesive affixes the composite panel to the interface surface of the body structure. The adhesive has a stiffness in a range from 50 MPa to 2 GPa.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure include a heat sink having variable pins. An exemplary heat sink can include a plurality of pins extending from a surface of the heat sink. The plurality of pins can include a first pin and a second pin. The first pin can include a first set of pin features and the second pin can include a second set of pin features. The first set of pin features and the second set of pin features differ in at least one pin feature. The heat sink can be configured to remove heat from a component of a vehicle. The component can include an electric motor, a battery pack, and an inverter electrically coupled to the electric motor.

Abstract: A vehicle frame includes first and second lower rails and first and second upper rails operatively interconnected. Cross members horizontally interconnect the lower rails and the upper rails, and stanchions vertically interconnect the upper rails and the lower rails. The frame provides improved stiffness and strength at a reduced mass compared to the prior art.

Abstract: A vehicle frame includes first and second lower rails and first and second upper rails operatively interconnected. Cross members horizontally interconnect the lower rails and the upper rails, and stanchions vertically interconnect the upper rails and the lower rails. The frame provides improved stiffness and strength at a reduced mass compared to the prior art.