Abstract: An electroluminescent display or lighting product incorporates a panel including a collection of distinct light-emitting elements formed on a substrate. A plurality of distinct local seals are formed below respective individual light-emitting elements or groups of light-emitting elements. Some embodiments combine a metal foil substrate and glass local seals in a flexible bottom-emitting product. The local seal may be used in conjunction with a continuous thin film encapsulation structure. Optical functions can be provided by each local seal, including refraction, filtering, color shifting, and scattering. Each local seal is formed by depositing a low melting temperature glass powder suspension or paste using inkjet technology, and fusing the glass powder using a scanning laser beam having a tailored beam profile. In other embodiments, a lower encapsulation substrate incorporating local window seals is wholly or partially pre-formed.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display or lighting product incorporates a panel comprising a collection of distinct light-emitting elements formed on a substrate. A plurality of distinct local seals are formed below respective individual light-emitting elements or groups of light-emitting elements. Some embodiments combine a metal foil substrate and glass local seals in a flexible bottom-emitting product. The local seal may be used in conjunction with a continuous thin film encapsulation structure. Optical functions can be provided by each local seal, including refraction, filtering, color shifting, and scattering. Each local seal is formed by depositing a low melting temperature glass powder suspension or paste using inkjet technology, and fusing the glass powder using a scanning laser beam having a tailored beam profile. In other embodiments, a lower encapsulation substrate incorporating local window seals is wholly or partially pre-formed.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display or lighting product incorporates a panel including a collection of distinct light-emitting elements formed on a substrate. A plurality of distinct local seals are formed below respective individual light-emitting elements or groups of light-emitting elements. Some embodiments combine a metal foil substrate and glass local seals in a flexible bottom-emitting product. The local seal may be used in conjunction with a continuous thin film encapsulation structure. Optical functions can be provided by each local seal, including refraction, filtering, color shifting, and scattering. Each local seal is formed by depositing a low melting temperature glass powder suspension or paste using inkjet technology, and fusing the glass powder using a scanning laser beam having a tailored beam profile. In other embodiments, a lower encapsulation substrate incorporating local window seals is wholly or partially pre-formed.

Abstract: A circuit is provided to drive a controlled current from a drive transistor into one electroluminescent element of a pixel array. The circuit is operable to compensate for threshold voltage variation of the drive transistor, thereby providing improved image quality. The circuit is suitable for implementation with p-channel MOSFETs and a conventional geometry having in order: substrate, TFT layer(s), anode, electroluminescent layer(s), cathode. A driving method for this circuit is provided. A display incorporating this circuit is provided. The circuit is operable to provide an inspection function prior to fabrication of the electroluminescent layer(s). An inspection method is provided.

Abstract: Entwined manifolds enable simultaneous but separate vapor deposition of different materials in interspersed patterns on a target substrate. A multi-manifold structure comprising a plurality of entwined manifolds is described. Methods of manufacture and methods of use are also described. The multi-manifold is suitable for PVD applications, including vapor deposition of emissive pixel materials for multi-color displays. Multi-manifolds are also suitable for CVD applications and for fluid mixing.

Abstract: Entwined manifolds enable simultaneous but separate vapor deposition of different materials in interspersed patterns on a target substrate. A multi-manifold structure comprising a plurality of entwined manifolds is described. Methods of manufacture, methods of use, and systems for use are also described. The multi-manifold is suitable for PVD applications, including vapor deposition of emissive pixel materials for multi-color displays. Multi-manifolds are also suitable for CVD applications and for fluid mixing.

Abstract: Entwined manifolds enable simultaneous but separate vapor deposition of different materials in interspersed patterns on a target substrate. A multi-manifold structure comprising a plurality of entwined manifolds is described. The multi-manifold may be manufactured as a single unit or in sections, and may incorporate conventional fittings. A multi-manifold or section may be manufactured by one or more additive manufacturing processes such as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) or projection microstereolithography, or by conventional manufacturing processes. Methods of use are also described. The multi-manifold is suitable for PVD applications, including vapor deposition of emissive pixel materials for multi-color displays. Multi-manifolds are also suitable for CVD applications and for fluid mixing.

Abstract: A display, lighting, window, or signage product incorporates a panel including a collection of distinct electro-optical elements formed over a substrate. The substrate is in the form of a matrix with multiple openings that are filled with respective rigid local encapsulation seals. A second set of rigid local encapsulation seals are adhered over the electro-optical elements, so that each electro-optical element has a local seal below it, and another local seal above it. The electro-optical elements may be light-emissive, light-controlling, and/or light-sensing.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display or lighting product incorporates a panel comprising a collection of distinct light-emitting elements formed on a substrate. A plurality of distinct local seals are formed over respective individual light-emitting elements or groups of light-emitting elements. Each local seal is formed by depositing a low melting temperature glass powder suspension or paste, and fusing the glass powder. Fusing may be performed using selective heating by microwave or laser irradiation. Energy absorption may be enhanced by incorporating absorbing particles in the glass powder paste or suspension. The local seal may be used in conjunction with a continuous thin film encapsulation structure. Optical functions can be provided by each local seal, including refraction, filtering, color shifting, and scattering.

Abstract: A circuit is provided to drive a controlled current from a drive transistor into one electroluminescent element of a pixel array. The circuit is operable to compensate for threshold voltage variation of the drive transistor, thereby providing improved image quality. The circuit is suitable for implementation with p-channel MOSFETs and a conventional geometry having in order: substrate, TFT layer(s), anode, electroluminescent layer(s), cathode. A driving method for this circuit is provided. A display incorporating this circuit is provided. The circuit is operable to provide an inspection function prior to fabrication of the electroluminescent layer(s). An inspection method is provided.

Abstract: An electro-optical panel product comprises a collection of distinct light-emitting elements formed on a substrate. The product may be a display or lighting apparatus, and each electro-optical element may be an OLED. Distinct local seals are formed below respective individual electro-optical elements or groups of electro-optical elements. Some embodiments combine a metal foil substrate and glass local seals in a flexible bottom-emitting product. The local seal may be used in conjunction with a continuous thin film encapsulation structure. Optical functions can be provided by each local seal, including refraction, filtering, color shifting, and scattering. Each local seal is formed by depositing a low melting temperature glass powder suspension or paste using inkjet technology in openings formed in a starter substrate; the glass powder is fused using a scanning laser beam having a tailored beam profile. The lower encapsulation substrate incorporating local window seals may be wholly or partially pre-formed.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display or lighting product incorporates a panel comprising a collection of distinct light-emitting elements formed on a substrate. A plurality of distinct local seals are formed over respective individual light-emitting elements or groups of light-emitting elements. Each local seal is formed by depositing a low melting temperature glass powder suspension or paste, and fusing the glass powder. Fusing may be performed using selective heating by microwave or laser irradiation. Energy absorption may be enhanced by incorporating absorbing particles in the glass powder paste or suspension. The local seal may be used in conjunction with a continuous thin film encapsulation structure. Optical functions can be provided by each local seal, including refraction, filtering, color shifting, and scattering.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display or lighting product incorporates a panel including a collection of distinct light-emitting elements formed on a substrate. A plurality of distinct local seals are formed over respective individual light-emitting elements or groups of light-emitting elements. Each local seal is formed by depositing a low melting temperature glass powder suspension or paste using inkjet technology, and fusing the glass powder using a scanning laser beam having a tailored beam profile. The local seal may be used in conjunction with a continuous thin film encapsulation structure. Optical functions can be provided by each local seal, including refraction, filtering, color shifting, and scattering.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display or lighting product incorporates a panel comprising a collection of distinct light-emitting elements formed on a substrate. A plurality of distinct local seals are formed over respective individual light-emitting elements or groups of light-emitting elements. Each local seal is formed by depositing a low melting temperature glass powder suspension or paste, and fusing the glass powder. Fusing may be performed using selective heating by microwave or laser irradiation. Energy absorption may be enhanced by incorporating absorbing particles in the glass powder paste or suspension. The local seal may be used in conjunction with a continuous thin film encapsulation structure. Optical functions can be provided by each local seal, including refraction, filtering, color shifting, and scattering.

Abstract: An electro-optical panel product comprises a collection of distinct light-emitting elements formed on a substrate. The product may be a display or lighting apparatus, and each electro-optical element may be an OLED. Distinct local seals are formed below respective individual electro-optical elements or groups of electro-optical elements. Some embodiments combine a metal foil substrate and glass local seals in a flexible bottom-emitting product. The local seal may be used in conjunction with a continuous thin film encapsulation structure. Optical functions can be provided by each local seal, including refraction, filtering, color shifting, and scattering. Each local seal is formed by depositing a low melting temperature glass powder suspension or paste using inkjet technology in openings formed in a starter substrate; the glass powder is fused using a scanning laser beam having a tailored beam profile. The lower encapsulation substrate incorporating local window seals may be wholly or partially pre-formed.

Abstract: A display, lighting, window, or signage product incorporates a panel comprising a collection of distinct electro-optical elements formed over a substrate. The substrate is in the form of a matrix with multiple openings that are filled with respective rigid local encapsulation seals. A second set of rigid local encapsulation seals are adhered over the electro-optical elements, so that each electro-optical element has a local seal below it, and another local seal above it. The electro-optical elements may be light-emissive, light-controlling, and/or light-sensing.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display or lighting product incorporates a panel comprising a collection of distinct light-emitting elements formed on a substrate. A plurality of distinct local seals are formed below respective individual light-emitting elements or groups of light-emitting elements. Some embodiments combine a metal foil substrate and glass local seals in a flexible bottom-emitting product. The local seal may be used in conjunction with a continuous thin film encapsulation structure. Optical functions can be provided by each local seal, including refraction, filtering, color shifting, and scattering. Each local seal is formed by depositing a low melting temperature glass powder suspension or paste using inkjet technology, and fusing the glass powder using a scanning laser beam having a tailored beam profile. In other embodiments, a lower encapsulation substrate incorporating local window seals is wholly or partially pre-formed.

Abstract: A circuit is provided to drive a controlled current from a drive transistor into one electroluminescent element of a pixel array. The circuit is operable to compensate for threshold voltage variation of the drive transistor, thereby providing improved image quality. The circuit is suitable for implementation with p-channel MOSFETs and a conventional geometry having in order: substrate, TFT layer(s), anode, electroluminescent layer(s), cathode. A driving method for this circuit is provided. A display incorporating this circuit is provided. The circuit is operable to provide an inspection function prior to fabrication of the electroluminescent layer(s). An inspection method is provided.

Abstract: A circuit is provided to drive a controlled current from a drive transistor into one electroluminescent element of a pixel array. The circuit is operable to compensate for threshold voltage variation of the drive transistor, thereby providing improved image quality. The circuit is suitable for implementation with p-channel MOSFETs and a conventional geometry having in order: substrate, TFT layer(s), anode, electroluminescent layer(s), cathode. A driving method for this circuit is provided. A display incorporating this circuit is provided. The circuit is operable to provide an inspection function prior to fabrication of the electroluminescent layer(s). An inspection method is provided.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display or lighting product incorporates a panel comprising a collection of distinct light-emitting elements formed on a substrate. A plurality of distinct local seals are formed over respective individual light-emitting elements or groups of light-emitting elements. Each local seal is formed by depositing a low melting temperature glass powder suspension or paste using inkjet technology, and fusing the glass powder using a scanning laser beam having a tailored beam profile. The local seal may be used in conjunction with a continuous thin film encapsulation structure. Optical functions can be provided by each local seal, including refraction, filtering, color shifting, and scattering.