Abstract: A method of determining a location of an apparatus relative to a previously determined location, the method comprising: detecting a change in motion of the apparatus by use of a sensor or sensors in the apparatus; determining a first estimate of the location of the apparatus at which said change of motion is detected, the first estimate of location being relative to the previously determined location, by use of at least one of said sensor or sensors; holding information relating to a plurality of reference points at which a change in motion is expected; determining that the detected change in motion relates to a first reference point of the plurality of reference points on a basis including the first estimate of the location and at least part of said information relating to the plurality of reference points; and re-setting the first estimate of location to a location of the first reference point.

Abstract: A method and system for performing a handover of a mobile device from a first wireless network to a second wireless network is provided, the mobile device being operably connected, via a tunnel, to a server of a Mobile Internet Protocol (IP) system, and to an information server coupled to the first wireless network and the second wireless network. The method includes transmitting, by the mobile device, a handover data packet to the information server via the tunnel, and transmitting, by the mobile device, the handover data packet to the information server via another route.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of processing User Equipment (UE) status information in a telecommunication network including a plurality of RANs, first UE and second UE, the method including: sending a first message via the telecommunication network, the first message containing a request originated by the first UE and requesting status information relating to the second UE; and receiving a second message via the telecommunication network, the second message conveying the requested status information, wherein at least one of said first and second messages are processed using a service component which is used for controlling handover of UE between different RANs.