Abstract: A flameless heater apparatus and method whose heating capacity and performance can be selected and tuned at the time of manufacture, and which is easily used and has a long shelf life. The apparatus and method may be used in flameless ration heaters, such as may be used in military or emergency situations. There is provided a flameless heating method and apparatus in which the solid reactive ingredients (not including liquid reactant, typically water) are not all blended or mixed together at the time of apparatus fabrication. Rather, at least one key ingredient (typically a super-corroding alloy of magnesium and iron) in a dry powder form is kept physically segregated from all the other ingredients, such as catalysts (normally acids such as acetic or tartaric acid or acidic mixtures) and surfactants. The exothermic chemical reaction is initiated only after at least one (typically a dry powder catalyst) goes into aqueous solution after the application of water (saline or non-saline).

Abstract: Base plate apparatus for mounting IGBT modules, the base plate apparatus includes a base plate with a mounting surface and an opposed surface. A tailored coefficient of thermal expansion interface layer is directly bonded to the mounting surface of the base plate and forms a mounting surface for mounting IGBT modules. The interface layer has a coefficient of thermal expansion ranging from approximately 4 ppm/° C. to approximately 12 ppm/° C.

Abstract: A vapor chamber structure includes a casing, a working fluid, and an improved wick layer. The casing has an airtight vacuum chamber. The working fluid is filled into the airtight vacuum chamber. The wick layer is formed on a surface of the airtight vacuum chamber. Therefore, the present invention can increase the backflow velocity of the working fluid and improve the boiling of the working fluid due to the match of the improved wick structure. Because the backflow velocity and boiling of the working fluid is increased, the heat-transmitting efficiency is increased.

Abstract: A flameless heater apparatus and method whose heating capacity and performance can be selected and tuned at the time of manufacture, and which is easily used and has a long shelf life. The apparatus and method may be used in flameless ration heaters, such as may be used in military or emergency situations. There is provided a flameless heating method and apparatus in which the solid reactive ingredients (not including liquid reactant, typically water) are not all blended or mixed together at the time of apparatus fabrication. Rather, at least one key ingredient (typically a super-corroding alloy of magnesium and iron) in a dry powder form is kept physically segregated from all the other ingredients, such as catalysts (normally acids such as acetic or tartaric acid or acidic mixtures) and surfactants. The exothermic chemical reaction is initiated only after at least one (typically a dry powder catalyst) goes into aqueous solution after the application of water (saline or non-saline).

Abstract: A vapor chamber structure includes a casing, a working fluid, a wick layer, a plurality of structure strengthening bodies, and a plurality of backflow accelerating bodies. The casing has an airtight vacuum chamber. The working fluid is filled into the airtight vacuum chamber. The wick layer is formed on a surface of the airtight vacuum chamber. The structure strengthening bodies are respectively arranged in the airtight vacuum chamber for supporting the casing. The backflow accelerating bodies are respectively arranged in the airtight vacuum chamber for increasing the backflow velocity of the working fluid. Therefore, the present invention can maintain the completeness of the vapor chamber structure and increase the backflow velocity of the working fluid due to the match of the structure strengthening bodies and backflow accelerating bodies. Because the backflow velocity of the working fluid is increased, the heat-transmitting efficiency is increased.

Abstract: A vapor chamber structure includes a casing, a working fluid, and an improved wick layer. The casing has an airtight vacuum chamber. The working fluid is filled into the airtight vacuum chamber. The wick layer is formed on a surface of the airtight vacuum chamber. Therefore, the present invention can increase the backflow velocity of the working fluid and improve the boiling of the working fluid due to the match of the improved wick structure. Because the backflow velocity and boiling of the working fluid is increased, the heat-transmitting efficiency is increased.

Abstract: A fluid spreader includes a first surface, wherein the first surface has at least one channel that continuously or discontinuously extends to an outer periphery of the first surface, allowing fluid to flow easily and thereby reducing the thickness of the fluid between the fluid spreader and another device or component.