Abstract: It is provided a method, including determining a parameter of a data flow to pass through a non-deterministic network and a buffering device; configuring the data flow in at least one of a network element of the non-deterministic network and the buffering device based on the parameter, wherein the parameter is determined based on a capability of the buffering device

Abstract: It is provided a method comprising monitoring if a reservation request is received from a controller, wherein the reservation request requests to reserve resources for a data session having a first quality of service; translating the reservation request into a request for providing a data session of a wireless network having a requested quality of service corresponding to the first quality of service if the reservation request is received; forwarding the request for providing the data session to the wireless network; translating an indication of a provided quality of service of the data session comprised in a response to the request for providing the data session received from the wireless network into an indication of a reserved quality of service corresponding to the provided quality of service; responding to the reservation request by a reservation response; wherein the reservation response comprises the indication of the reserved quality of service.

Abstract: A radio network sub-tiles reference signals (RSs) within a set of resource elements (REs) such that each sub-tiled RS occupies less than a time and/or frequency and/or power extent of its respective RE. The set of REs are dispersed across both frequency bins and time slots according to a pre-defined grid; and transmitted. The user equipment (UE) uses that pre-defined grid to locate within that transmission the set of dispersed REs. The UE accumulates and combines at least one subset of the sub-tiled RSs and estimates therefrom a quality; then reports uplink an indication of that estimated quality. Examples of the RSs include channel state information RSs, beam RSs and beam refinement RSs. Advantages are particularly relevant for 5G new radio systems.

Abstract: A radio network sub-tiles reference signals (RSs) within a set of resource elements (REs) such that each sub-tiled RS occupies less than a time and/or frequency and/or power extent of its respective RE. The set of REs are dispersed across both frequency bins and time slots according to a pre-defined grid; and transmitted. The user equipment (UE) uses that pre-defined grid to locate within that transmission the set of dispersed REs. The UE accumulates and combines at least one subset of the sub-tiled RSs and estimates therefrom a quality; then reports uplink an indication of that estimated quality. Examples of the RSs include channel state information RSs, beam RSs and beam refinement RSs. Advantages are particularly relevant for 5G new radio systems.

Abstract: A radio network sub-tiles reference signals (RSs) within a set of resource elements (REs) such that each sub-tiled RS occupies less than a time and/or frequency and/or power extent of its respective RE. The set of REs are dispersed across both frequency bins and time slots according to a pre-defined grid; and transmitted. The user equipment (UE) uses that pre-defined grid to locate within that transmission the set of dispersed REs. The UE accumulates and combines at least one subset of the sub-tiled RSs and estimates therefrom a quality; then reports uplink an indication of that estimated quality. Examples of the RSs include channel state information RSs, beam RSs and beam refinement RSs. Advantages are particularly relevant for 5G new radio systems.

Abstract: A method includes mapping a signal desired by at least one receiver to a projection area based at least on a functionality corresponding to one or more first radio frequency chains coupled to a plurality of first antennas; selecting precoding coefficients for at least one of one or more second radio frequency chains coupled to a plurality of second antennas to generate a signal point within the projection area; and compensating for a difference between the generated signal point and the signal desired by the at least one receiver using at least one of the first radio frequency chains, wherein the second radio frequency chains have a reduced functionality relative to the functionality of the first radio frequency chains, and wherein the first and second set of antennas are different.

Abstract: A radio network sub-tiles reference signals (RSs) within a set of resource elements (REs) such that each sub-tiled RS occupies less than a time and/or frequency and/or power extent of its respective RE. The set of REs are dispersed across both frequency bins and time slots according to a pre-defined grid; and transmitted. The user equipment (UE) uses that pre-defined grid to locate within that transmission the set of dispersed REs. The UE accumulates and combines at least one subset of the sub-tiled RSs and estimates therefrom a quality; then reports uplink an indication of that estimated quality. Examples of the RSs include channel state information RSs, beam RSs and beam refinement RSs. Advantages are particularly relevant for 5G new radio systems.