Abstract: Examples include techniques for backing up a file to long term “cold” storage by using circuitry, and logic for execution by the circuitry, to receive a request to back up the file in a distributed file system to cold storage, to copy the file from at least one data node of the distributed file system to cold storage, to set a location of the file in cold storage in a name node of the distributed file system, and to set a length of the file to zero in the name node.

Abstract: Examples include techniques for backing up a file to long term “cold” storage by using circuitry, and logic for execution by the circuitry, to receive a request to back up the file in a distributed file system to cold storage, to copy the file from at least one data node of the distributed file system to cold storage, to set a location of the file in cold storage in a name node of the distributed file system, and to set a length of the file to zero in the name node.

Abstract: Disclosed is a file system that may support data management for a distributed data storage and computing system, such as Apache™ Hadoop®. The file system may include an expandable tree-based indexing framework that enables convenient expansion of the file system. As a non-limiting example, the file system disclosed herein may enable indexing, storage, and management of a billion or more files, which is 1,000 times the capacity of currently available file systems. The file system includes a root index system and a number of leaf index systems that are organized in a tree data structure. The leaf index systems provide heartbeat information to the root index system to enable the root index system to maintain a lightweight and searchable index of file references and leaf index references. Each of the leaf indexes maintains an index or mapping of file references to file block addresses within data storage devices that store files.