Abstract: A self-propelled surface treatment unit has a drive device for the autonomous travel of the surface treatment unit within an environment, an energy storage device, a data storage device having an environmental map of the environment, and a navigation device for the navigation and self-location of the surface treatment unit within the environment on the basis of the environmental map having environmental zones. In order to improve the efficiency and service life of the energy storage device, the environmental map has energy data for at least two environmental zones, which indicates the amount of energy that the surface treatment unit will require to treat the surface in each one of the environmental zones.