Abstract: An electrical circuit and a method of operating the electrical circuit can include a group of transistors including one or more of a first transistor and a second transistor, wherein the first transistor is electronically connected to an input and an output of the electrical circuit, and the second transistor is electronically connected to the first transistor and the output. The electrical circuit can also include a group of resistors including a first base resistor and a second base resistor, wherein the first base resistor is electronically connected to a voltage supply, the first transistor, the second base resistor and one or more diodes. The electrical circuit may also include one or more capacitors electronically connected to the input, the first transistor, the second transistor, and the diode(s) and the output, such that an output voltage at the output is approximately double the supply voltage of the electrical circuit.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a power semi conductor chip comprising SiC, a leadframe part including Cu, wherein the power semiconductor chip is arranged on the leadframe part, and a solder joint electrically and mechanically coupling the power semiconductor chip to the leadframe part, wherein the solder joint includes at least one intermetallic phase.

Abstract: A housing for a sensor, comprising a housing upper part and a housing lower part which, in the assembled state, form a receiving space which is suitable to receive a circuit board, which, with regard to the object of specifying a housing for a sensor which receives a circuit board as far as possible in the correct position and protects the latter as reliably as possible against undesired movements relative to the housing is characterized in that deformable means are assigned to the housing upper part and/or the housing lower part which, in the assembled state of the housing parts, are bent into the receiving space.

Abstract: A method and system for determining a time-of-flight in an integrated flow meter, can include a housing including an inlet port and an outlet port, and a group of flow tubes connected in parallel to each other. Each flow tube among the group of flow tubes can include two or more transducers that can measure upstream and downstream time-of-flight. Each flow tube can further include one or more outlets connected to the outlet port of the housing via an outlet channel. A controller can be connected electronically to the transducers, wherein the controller is operable to measure the time-of-flight in a flow tube for a predetermined time using the transducers, toggle between the transducers of each flow tube to measure the remaining flow tubes within a predetermined time and determine the overall flow rate of the group of flow tubes in the integrated flow meter.

Abstract: Methods and systems for flow measurement can involve calculating an absolute-time-of-flight with respect to a flow of a fluid in a flow channel by reflected signals, reflected and unreflected signals, or a pulse train, determining a delta-time-of-flight with a cross correlation of two signals with respect to the flow of the fluid in the flow channel, and calculating the flow rate of the flow of the fluid in the flow channel based on the absolute-time-of-flight and the cross correlation of the delta-time-of-flight.

Abstract: A phototransistor apparatus and a method of operating the phototransistor apparatus. The phototransistor apparatus can include a phototransistor, a light source, and a supply voltage associated with the phototransistor. After switching on the supply voltage, the phototransistor can generate a phototransistor signal that is scanned, wherein the supply voltage associated with the phototransistor is switched on later than the light source, and wherein charge carriers in a base area of the phototransistor are reactive to a light pulse from the light source in a currentless state, and continue to react after the light source is switched off. Alternatively, the power supply of the phototransistor can be switched on before the light source is switched off. By delaying the switching on of the power supply of the phototransistor compared to the switching on of the light source, a significant current saving can be achieved.

Abstract: A module (14) for detecting a leakage, comprising a pressure sensor (8) and a pump (2) for generating pressure, is characterized in that, regarding the object of detecting and/or quantifying a leakage of an arrangement which has a large sealed volume, in a reliable manner with a compact device, the module (14) has a sealable reference volume (11) which can be connected in terms of flow by means of a valve (9) to a tank connection (10) and which can be disconnected therefrom in a flow-tight manner, wherein the pressure inside the reference volume (11) can be detected by the pressure sensor (8), wherein pressure can be generated inside the reference volume (11) by means of the pump (2) and wherein the reference volume (11) can be connected in a flow-conducting manner by means of a shut-off valve (4) via a reference aperture (5) with a defined flow cross section to an atmosphere outlet (1) and can be disconnected therefrom.

Abstract: A method and system for measuring a time of flight can involve correlating a signal comprising a reflected signal from a first transducer to a second transducer, or a subsequent reflected signal at the first transducer or the second transducer, with a previously received signal to produce a correlation for a measurement of a time of flight. The signal(s) can include one or more of a pulse train, acoustic sound; ultrasonic sound; or light, and the previously received signal can be a signal that has been reflected one or more times.

Abstract: A module (14) for detecting a leakage, comprising a pressure sensor (8) and a pump (2) for generating pressure, is characterized in that, regarding the object of detecting and/or quantifying a leakage of an arrangement which has a large sealed volume, in a reliable manner with a compact device, the module (14) has a sealable reference volume (11) which can be connected in terms of flow by means of a valve (9) to a tank connection (10) and which can be disconnected therefrom in a flow-tight manner, wherein the pressure inside the reference volume (11) can be detected by the pressure sensor (8), wherein pressure can be generated inside the reference volume (11) by means of the pump (2) and wherein the reference volume (11) can be connected in a flow-conducting manner by means of a shut-off valve (4) via a reference aperture (5) with a defined flow cross section to an atmosphere outlet (1) and can be disconnected therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining an organ function in a subject, comprising the steps of: providing a first concentration-time curve obtained by transcutaneously measuring in a body fluid at a first position background fluorescence in at least one first time point and fluorescence of an indicator compound in at least a second, a third, a fourth, a fifth, and a sixth time point; providing a second concentration curve obtained by transcutaneously measuring in a body fluid at a second position background fluorescence in at least one seventh time point and fluorescence of an indicator compound in at least a eighth, a ninth, a tenth, an eleventh, and a twelfth time point; fitting the first and the second concentration curve into a kinetic model representing at least four diffusion compartments; and thereby determining an organ function in a subject.

Abstract: An apparatus for energy and data transfer, can include a first inductor and a second inductor, wherein the first inductor can be magnetically coupled to the second inductor, and a gap configured between the first inductor and second inductor, wherein the first inductor and the second inductor can transfer energy and data between a white meter and an electronic index. The white meter may be implemented as a flow meter. The electronic index can include an electronic display unit that can be attached to the white meter. The electronic display can include one or more of a display unit, a communications unit, or a combination of a display unit and the communications unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for energy and data transfer, can include a first inductor and a second inductor, wherein the first inductor can be magnetically coupled to the second inductor, and a gap configured between the first inductor and second inductor, wherein the first inductor and the second inductor can transfer energy and data between a white meter and an electronic index. The white meter may be implemented as a flow meter. The electronic index can include an electronic display unit that can be attached to the white meter. The electronic display can include one or more of a display unit, a communications unit, or a combination of a display unit and the communications unit.

Abstract: A valve is provided having a circuit that includes an electrical conductor with a temperature-dependent electrical resistance. The electrical conductor is connected in series to an electrical series resistor, which includes a parallel circuit of a non-reactive wire and an NTC resistor. The electrical conductor includes a coil wire wound into a magnetic coil that is operable to move an armature to open or close the valve. The effect of the operation of the valve itself on the magnetic force of the coil is minimized by arranging the NTC resistor to be thermally coupled with the coil wire.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining an organ function in a subject, comprising the steps of: providing a first concentration-time curve obtained by transcutaneously measuring in a body fluid at a first position background fluorescence in at least one first time point and fluorescence of an indicator compound in at least a second, a third, a fourth, a fifth, and a sixth time point; providing a second concentration curve obtained by transcutaneously measuring in a body fluid at a second position background fluorescence in at least one seventh time point and fluorescence of an indicator compound in at least a eighth, a ninth, a tenth, an eleventh, and a twelfth time point; fitting the first and the second concentration curve into a kinetic model representing at least four diffusion compartments; and thereby determining an organ function in a subject.

Abstract: A phototransistor apparatus and a method of operating the phototransistor apparatus. The phototransistor apparatus can include a phototransistor, a light source, and a supply voltage associated with the phototransistor. After switching on the supply voltage, the phototransistor can generate a phototransistor signal that is scanned, wherein the supply voltage associated with the phototransistor is switched on later than the light source, and wherein charge carriers in a base area of the phototransistor are reactive to a light pulse from the light source in a currentless state, and continue to react after the light source is switched off. Alternatively, the power supply of the phototransistor can be switched on before the light source is switched off. By delaying the switching on of the power supply of the phototransistor compared to the switching on of the light source, a significant current saving can be achieved.

Abstract: Methods and systems for flow measurement can involve calculating an absolute-time-of-flight with respect to a flow of a fluid in a flow channel by reflected signals, reflected and unreflected signals, or a pulse train, determining a delta-time-of-flight with a cross correlation of two signals with respect to the flow of the fluid in the flow channel, and calculating the flow rate of the flow of the fluid in the flow channel based on the absolute-time-of-flight and the cross correlation of the delta-time-of-flight.

Abstract: A method and system for measuring a time of flight can involve correlating a signal comprising a reflected signal from a first transducer to a second transducer, or a subsequent reflected signal at the first transducer or the second transducer, with a previously received signal to produce a correlation for a measurement of a time of flight. The signal(s) can include one or more of a pulse train, acoustic sound; ultrasonic sound; or light, and the previously received signal can be a signal that has been reflected one or more times.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining an organ function in a subject, comprising the steps of: providing a first concentration-time curve obtained by transcutaneously measuring in a body fluid at a first position background fluorescence in at least one first time point and fluorescence of an indicator compound in at least a second, a third, a fourth, a fifth, and a sixth time point; providing a second concentration curve obtained by transcutaneously measuring in a body fluid at a second position background fluorescence in at least one seventh time point and fluorescence of an indicator compound in at least a eighth, a ninth, a tenth, an eleventh, and a twelfth time point; fitting the first and the second concentration curve into a kinetic model representing at least four diffusion compartments; and thereby determining an organ function in a subject.

Abstract: A valve is provided having a circuit that includes an electrical conductor with a temperature-dependent electrical resistance. The electrical conductor is connected in series to an electrical series resistor, which includes a parallel circuit of a non-reactive wire and an NTC resistor. The electrical conductor includes a coil wire wound into a magnetic coil that is operable to move an armature to open or close the valve. The effect of the operation of the valve itself on the magnetic force of the coil is minimized by arranging the NTC resistor to be thermally coupled with the coil wire.

Abstract: A valve is provided having first and second flow channels connected by a passage. A sealing device is operable to open and close the passage to control fluid flow between the first and second flow channels. The sealing device includes a first sealing body and a second sealing body through which the passages extends. The first and second sealing bodies are biased together by a spring to close the passage. The first sealing body is passively movable by fluid and actively movable by an electromagnetic device to open the passage to permit fluid to flow between the first and second passages.