Abstract: The disclosed compositions, and methods relate to compositions for human consumption and comprising paraxanthine and a cholinergic agent and/or theanine. The disclosed compositions are useful promoting cognitive function, energy, athletic performance and providing neuroprotective anti-oxidative effects.

Abstract: Disclosed herein in is a method of increasing plasma dileucine levels in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising leucine. In certain embodiments, the composition does not comprise dileucine. In certain embodiments, the amount of increase in plasma dileucine is greater than that resulting from administering a protein supplement comprising a comparable amount of leucine. In certain implementations, administration of the composition results in an increase in plasma dileucine that is from about 10% to about 50% greater than from administering a protein supplement comprising a comparable amount of leucine.

Abstract: The disclosed are shelf-stable beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid containing soft gel compositions and methods for making such compositions. In certain aspects, disclosed compositions comprise a plant-based capsule shell and a liquid formulation comprising beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid and at least one excipient, wherein the soft gel capsule is shelf-stable. In certain aspects, the excipient is selected from selected from choline salt, betaine, phosphatidylcholine, alpha-glycerophosphocholine, carnitine, adenosine 5?-triphosphate, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Phosphatidic acid is administered orally to increase muscle mass and strength in exercising mammals. Phosphatidic acid is administered orally to aging, bedridden or cachectic patients to improve nitrogen balance. The preferred form of phosphatidic acid for administration is phosphatidic acid-enriched lecithin. Creatine is co-administered orally to increase the muscle-building and strength effect. Other suggested additives include nutritional and herbal supplements, micronutrients and hormones.

Abstract: The disclosed are shelf-stable beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid containing soft gel compositions and methods for making such compositions. In certain aspects, disclosed compositions comprise a plant-based capsule shell and a liquid formulation comprising beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid and at least one excipient, wherein the soft gel capsule is shelf-stable. In certain aspects, the excipient is selected from selected from choline salt, betaine, phosphatidylcholine, alpha-glycerophosphocholine, carnitine, adenosine 5?-triphosphate, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for improving the absorption of amino acids from protein sources include adding one or more carbohydrases to a protein source. Plant protein such as that found in rice may be extracted to provide a rice concentrate useful in regimens requiring elevated amounts of protein consumption. To improve the absorption of the amino acids found in rice inside the human gastrointestinal tract, a carbohydrases such as Alpha-galactidase is added to the protein source prior to ingestion. The composition may also include proteases.

Abstract: A physiologically active composition is claimed which comprises effective amounts of at least one compound from the group 4-O-methyldavidigenin, 4?-O-methyldavidigenin, davidigenin, elemicin, isoelemicin, herniarin, demethoxycapillarisin, in particular 6-demethoxycapillarisin and/or 6-demethoxy-3?-methoxy-capillarisin, hispiludin and 9-hydroxy-10E, 12Z, 15Z-octadecatrienoic acid, and also glycosides thereof, in particular glucosides and/or rhamnoglucosides of 4-O-methyldavidigenin and/or 4?-O-methyldavidigenin, salts and derivatives.

Abstract: Methods using phosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylserine, and/or salts thereof to increase testosterone levels in subjects in need thereof are disclosed herein. The methods can be useful for subjects having age related decline in testosterone, exercise induced decline in testosterone, and/or hypogonadism.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a physiologically active composition which contains an enzymatically hydrolysed collagen as the active component I and at least one component of the non-vitamin type having anti-oxidative and/or anti-inflammatory properties as the active component II. Collagen of animal origin that is soluble in cold water comes into particular consideration as component I and a fermentation broth or a plant extract comes into particular consideration as component II. This composition which is designed in particular as a food supplement or functional food can be used to prevent inflammatory and/or degenerative symptoms in particular with a chronic course such as for example arthritis and arthroses or to successfully treat these symptoms. The claimed composition can be used above all by professional, leisure and recreational athletes who suffer in particular from strained joint functions.

Abstract: This physiologically active composition contains, as physiologically active constituents, the components a) phosphatidylserine and/or lysophosphatidylserine (in each case “PS”) and b) at least one (lyso)phospholipid different from component a) and c) a serine source different from component a), for example L-serine and/or O-phospho-L-serine. In this composition, the components a) and also b) and c) must each be present in a molar ratio a:b (where b<c) and a:c (where c<b) such that the components b) and c) can preferably form PS in vivo and in this manner ideally replace 10 to 99% by weight of the PS portion in the total formulation. The component a) should here make up 0.1 to 20% by weight of the total formulation and the components b) and c) should be present in portions between 15 and 65% by weight and in portions between 0.1 and 5.0% by weight, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a filler material for a container having at least one compartment, which container is situated in a pressurized beverage container and, immediately after the beverage container is opened, is suitable for mixing the filling into the drinks liquid surrounding the container. The filling itself is in granule form of defined particle diameter and is composed, in particular, of the main component a) in the form of a food supplement and an effervescent component b). The component a) which should be present in the filling in amounts of between 35 and 98% by weight can also be pharmaceutical active ingredients, vitamins, creatine derivatives, phospholipids, probiotics, minerals, unsaturated fatty acids and any desired mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention relates to a filler material for a container having at least one chamber which is situated in a beverage container under pressure and immediately after the opening of the beverage container is suitable for the admixture of the filler material into the beverage liquid surrounding it. The filler material itself is in granule form and is composed of the chief component a) in the form of a nutritional supplement and an effervescent component b). The component a), which should be present in the filler material in percentages between 35 and 98 wt.-%, can be non-prescription agents, vitamins, creatine derivatives, phospholipids, probiotics, minerals, unsaturated fatty acids and any mixtures thereof. The fillers can be put into beverage liquids with varying pH, since due to their dissolving ability and due to the targeted selection of appropriate effervescence and bursting components can be dissolved quickly and completely in the beverage liquid.

Abstract: The invention concerns a physiologically compatible, phospholipid-containing, stable and hard matrix consisting of a supporting material and a bioactive component which has a total diameter of between 0.1 and 5000 ?m and contains ?5% by weight, based on the starting material, of acetone-insoluble components as the bioactive component, which are in particular phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl choline and such like, as well as lyso variants and/or derivatives thereof. This matrix which preferably has a supporting material consisting of carbohydrates and/or proteins and preferably additional bioactive substances as ingredients such as amino acids, vitamins, trace elements and similar substances, can have liquid contents and is used in particular in functional foods, special foods and dietary supplements.

Abstract: The claimed functional foods and specialized foods each contain a physiologically compatible phospholipid-containing stable matrix consisting of a supporting material and a bioactive component, the phospholipid component being in particular phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl choline and similar compounds, lyso variants and/or derivatives thereof. Liquid, solid and semiliquid forms of administration are preferred as the functional foods; food for tube feeding is regarded as preferred among the specialized foods. The matrix used for this should preferably have liquid contents and in particular have a diameter between 0.1 ?m and 5.0 mm. It is also preferred when the matrix develops a delayed release after its ingestion with the respective foods which should preferably take place in the gastro-intestinal tract.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of creatine pyruvate for increasing stamina during highly intensive intermittent physical exertion. Said use is to be applied in particular during short-term intensive muscular exertion and/or muscular exertion of short-duration and/or that is repeated in short intervals, preferably during sprinting and sporting performances in running disciplines and during exercises using sports equipment provided with rollers, wheels or sliding surfaces, in addition to during raising, pulling and/or lifting movements of the extremities and the neck. The invention relates in particular to variants, in which muscular exertion is maintained for between 0.1 seconds and 5 minutes and/or during which the muscular exertion is carried out with a frequency of between 0.1 and 600 minutes. In the latter variant, the muscular exertion can increase with each interval.

Abstract: A description is given of formulations comprising solid and stable creatine/citric acid composition(s) and carbohydrate(s) or hydrates thereof having a weight ratio of the constituents creatine/citric acid composition(s) and carbohydrate(s) of 1:0.01 to 1.0. Carbohydrate components, which can be used in anhydrous form, as hydrates or as moist products, are in principle all polyhydroxyaldehydes and polyhydroxyketones. The creatine component is preferably used in anhydrous form or in aqueous alcoholic or organic solution. The formulations should preferably be prepared by reacting the carbohydrates in the form of solutions, suspensions or as solid substance with the creatine/citric acid composition or solution thereof at ?20 to 120° C. and, if appropriate, finally removing the liquid phase, or else by a thermal treatment, a treatment with ultrasound or microwave of mixtures consisting of the creatine component and solid carbohydrates, preferably in a vacuum.

Abstract: The invention concerns a formulation containing phosphatidylserine (PS) and/or lyso-phosphatidylserine for preventing and treating mental and physical stress states, where the phosphatidylserine is, among others, combined with plant extracts or essences. Daily doses of 50 to 1000 mg PS are envisaged within the scope of the present invention which are administered over a maximum period of six months. Preferred subjects are humans of 10 to 50 years of age.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of phosphatidylserine (PS), lyso-phosphatidylserine or/and a physiologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of the attention deficit syndrome (ADHS) in small daily doses over a longer time period and in larger daily doses over a short period as well as in combination with suitable additives selected from the group comprising antioxidants, essential fatty acids, mineral substances, amino acids, mood-lifters or/and phospholipids. In this connection it is preferred to carry out the administration to probands aged 2 to 20 years preferably 3 to 10 years whereby the phosphatidylserine as well as the additives are used in solid and also in liquid formulations. Due to its positive properties phosphatidyl-serine is in particular suitable as a therapeutic agent or food supplement in connection with ADHS. The good tolerance of phosphatidylserine even in high doses and over a longer supplementation period and the excellent compliance should also be stressed.

Abstract: The invention relates to addition and/or co-ordination compounds consisting of creatine and citric acid in the ratio of >1.0 to 3.0:1.0. Said compounds are characterised in that they have (KBr) bands in the IR spectrum, where &ngr;=3425 (±5) cm−1 (s), 1624 (±5) cm−1 (m-s) and 1247 (±5) cm−1 (m). Said compounds, which preferably contain no organic solvent and are present in a solid, pulverulent form are produced in particular by a method, according to which, a1) creatine, containing a maximum content of 20 wt. % water, is reacted with citric acid or its salts at temperatures between 0 and 70° C., or a2) creatine and citric acid or its salts, containing a total water content of between 5 and 15 wt. %, are ground at temperatures between 0 and 70° C., or a3) creatine is reacted with citric acid or its salts, in the presence of a solvent at temperatures between 0 and 70° C. The corresponding solvent is then eliminated to a maximum residual content of 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to choline pyruvate of formula (I) wherein 0<n≦10, and is a stabile, physiologically compatible formulation containing said choline pyruvate, water and/or an organic solvent such as glycerine, or is present in a solid and preferably a powder form. The invention also relates to a method for producing choline pyruvate, whereby choline hydroxide is placed in a solvent, such as water or a methanol/water mixture, at a temperature of between 0 and 98° C., then pyruvric acid is added drop by drop in external cooling conditions and mixed until a pH value of between 5.0 and 8.0 is reached, the solvent is then removed and finally the obtained product is added to a physiologically compatible solvent.