Abstract: Technologies and techniques for reducing the construction space necessary for a heating element of a motor vehicle and to improve the cooling of such a heating element. A coolant distributor device may be provided for a motor vehicle, such as a hybrid electric motor vehicle or a battery-electric vehicle, including a basic body with coolant lines, arranged running in the basic body, wherein a heating element is arranged in and/or on the basic body.

Abstract: An internal combustion machine includes a combustion engine and a cooling system with a coolant pump, a main cooler, a heating heat exchanger, a bypass bypassing the heating heat exchanger, coolant channels, and a regulating device with an actuator for distributing a coolant depending on at least one local coolant temperature. When the actuator is actuated in a given direction, the regulating device allows a coolant flow through the combustion engine and the heating heat exchanger and prevents a coolant flow through the bypass and the main cooler in a first position; additionally allows a coolant flow through the bypass in a second position; and additionally allows a coolant flow through the main cooler in a third position. In a zero position which lies before the first position, the regulating device prevents a coolant flow through the combustion engine and allows a coolant flow through the heating heat exchanger.

Abstract: An internal combustion machine includes a combustion engine and a cooling system with a coolant pump, a main cooler, a heating heat exchanger, a bypass bypassing the heating heat exchanger, coolant channels, and a regulating device with an actuator for distributing a coolant depending on at least one local coolant temperature. When the actuator is actuated in a given direction, the regulating device allows a coolant flow through the combustion engine and the heating heat exchanger and prevents a coolant flow through the bypass and the main cooler in a first position; additionally allows a coolant flow through the bypass in a second position; and additionally allows a coolant flow through the main cooler in a third position. In a zero position which lies before the first position, the regulating device prevents a coolant flow through the combustion engine and allows a coolant flow through the heating heat exchanger.

Abstract: A switching unit for a telecommunication network, such as an SDH telecommunications network, comprises a command controlled switching matrix having at least two switching degrees of freedom and a control logic for generating a first type of control commands which, for a group of connections, define the switching thereof in a first degree of freedom, and at least a second type of control commands which specify, for a given connection, the switching thereof in all degrees of freedom. Between the control logic and the switching matrix, a conversion circuit there is operative for combining control commands of the first type with control commands of the second type into a control command of the second type.