Abstract: An imaging optics includes a plurality of mirrors which reflect imaging light to image an object field in an object plane into an image field in an image plane. A mirror body of at least one of the mirrors has a through-opening for the imaging light to pass through. The through-opening has an internal region of a smallest opening width in the mirror body. The through-opening expands from the internal region towards both edge regions of the mirror body. A disturbing influence of unused light portions is reduced or eliminated completely.

Abstract: An imaging optical unit for imaging an object field in an image field is disclosed. The imaging optical unit has an obscured pupil. This pupil has a center, through which a chief ray of a central field point passes. The imaging optical unit furthermore has a plurality of imaging optical components. A gravity center of a contiguous pupil obscuration region of the imaging optical unit lies decentrally in the pupil of the imaging optical unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for sintering objects by means of time-resolved detection of two- or three-dimensional surface profiles and, optionally, by means of temperature measurement in a high temperature furnace on the basis of optical measurement methods. During sintering, each surface point on an object can be measured for its position and, optionally, its temperature, and a change can be determined by successive measurements. The measured change additionally permits control of the sintering regime. The method comprises the steps of: placing an object 4 into a high temperature furnace 5; heating the furnace 5; generating a two- or three-dimensional surface profile at least of a subregion of the object 4 by: irradiating the object 4 with light from a light source 2a; detecting the light scattered by the object 4 with the aid of a detector 2b; determining the geometric surface profile from the detected light.

Abstract: An illumination system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes a beam deflection array including a number beam deflection elements, for example mirrors. Each beam deflection element is adapted to deflect an impinging light beam by a deflection angle that is variable in response to control signals. The light beams reflected from the beam deflection elements produce spots in a system pupil surface. The number of spots illuminated in the system pupil surface during an exposure process, during which a mask is imaged on a light sensitive surface, is greater than the number of beam deflection elements. This may be accomplished with the help of a beam multiplier unit that multiplies the light beams reflected from the beam deflection elements. In another embodiment the beam deflecting elements are controlled such that the irradiance distribution produced in the system pupil surface changes between two consecutive light pulses of an exposure process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing blood from an extracorporeal blood circuit and/or a functional device, each connectable or connected with a blood treatment apparatus for the purpose of blood treatment of a patient. The blood treatment apparatus of the method comprises or is connected with at least one extracorporeal blood circuit with a line having interior portions, the extracorporeal blood circuit comprising at least one arterial line section and at least one venous line section, wherein a first section of the arterial line section is configured to be connected with a second section of the venous line section, and further comprises at least one blood pump for conveying blood within the line interior portions. The method includes the step of operating the blood pump in a second conveying direction which is opposite to a first customary conveying direction. It further relates to corresponding apparatuses.

Abstract: A device and method for measuring a power density distribution of a radiation source is provided. The device includes a radiation source designed to emit a light beam in a radiation direction; a substrate disposed downstream of the radiation source in the radiation direction and having an extent in an x-direction and a y-direction, the substrate having a first region and at least one further second region, and the first region comprises a diffractive structure designed to separate the light beam impinging on the substrate into a zeroth order of diffraction and at least one first order of diffraction; and a detector unit disposed downstream of the substrate in the radiation direction and designed to measure the intensity of the first order of diffraction transmitted through the substrate and to derive a power density distribution therefrom.

Abstract: A feed station feeds a flow of items along a transport path, in which a path, a path point W2 is orthogonal to the position of a first transport roller, a path point W3 is orthogonal to the position of a sensor, and a path point W4 is orthogonal to a second transport roller. A distance between W3 and W4 is smaller than the minimum length of the flat items and is greater than or equal to a distance between W4 and a path end point Wend. A distance between Wend and an intake point W4-Wend of the subsequent goods processing apparatus is much smaller than the W4-Wend distance. A transport velocity distance between the separated flat items at the start of the transport path is controlled to a minimum distance and is always the same size when the items leave the feed station.

Abstract: Described is a method for detecting a glow plug replacement of an engine, wherein a first value of a temperature-dependent variable is measured at a first glow plug of the engine and, simultaneously, a second value of the temperature-dependent variable is measured at a second glow plug of the engine. The first value of the temperature-dependent variable is compared with a stored reference value of the first glow plug and a glow plug replacement is detected if the difference of the first value from the reference value exceeds a threshold value. According to this disclosure, it is provided that the reference value is a value which, in an earlier measurement, was measured at the first glow plug simultaneously with the measurement of a value at the second glow plug which corresponds to the second value within a predefined tolerance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing blood from an extracorporeal blood circuit and/or a functional device, each connectable or connected with a blood treatment apparatus for the purpose of blood treatment of a patient. The blood treatment apparatus of the method comprises or is connected with at least one extracorporeal blood circuit with a line having interior portions, the extracorporeal blood circuit comprising at least one arterial line section and at least one venous line section, wherein a first section of the arterial line section is configured to be connected with a second section of the venous line section, and further comprises at least one blood pump for conveying blood within the line interior portions. The method includes the step of operating the blood pump in a second conveying direction which is opposite to a first customary conveying direction. It further relates to corresponding apparatuses.

Abstract: In a method for the automatic gap setting in slide grinding machines having a turntable, the gap width between the turntable and the work container is automatically set by a regulation, with a reference value for the gap width of zero being determined.

Abstract: A method for operating a glow plug by means of pulse-width-modulated voltage pulses which are generated by controlling a load transistor, wherein a heating current flowing through the glow plug is measured and the duty cycle of the pulse-width-modulated voltage pulses is changed in accordance with values of the heating current. The heating current can be measured by means of a current measurement circuit, through which a sense current flows parallel to the load transistor, and the value of the heating current is calculated by multiplying a measured value of the sense current by a kILIS factor, wherein the temperature of the current measurement circuit is measured and the kILIS factor is defined in accordance with the measured circuit temperature. A glow plug control device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a medical liquid includes a treatment machine having a coupling surface and a flexible mat arranged on the coupling surface, with a cassette made of a hard part having liquid-conducting passages therein which are covered by a flexible film that is couplable to the coupling surface of the treatment machine via the flexible mat. The apparatus includes an element for monitoring a fault-free coupling to the cassette at the coupling surface by determining a difference of the pressure between the cassette and the flexible mat and the pressure between the flexible mat and the coupling surface. A method for checking the leak tightness of the fault-free coupling employs the apparatus.

Abstract: An optoelectronic inclination sensor determines the inclination of a reference plane relative to the horizontal. A sensor body has a liquid layer, the free surface of which represents a horizon that can be inclined relative to the reference plane, forming an optical boundary to the adjacent medium. A light source disposed below the liquid layer emits a light beam onto the boundary. An optical sensor surface below the liquid layer detects the light beam reflected by the boundary. An analysis unit determines the inclination of the reference plane as a function of the amount of light received by the sensor surface. A deflecting element for deflecting or initially totally reflecting the beam is disposed between the source and the liquid layer. The beam is inclined as a result of said deflection or initial total reflection. A second total reflection occurs at the boundary in both the inclined and non-inclined orientation.

Abstract: A feed station feeds a flow of items along a transport path, in which a path, a path point W2 is orthogonal to the position of a first transport roller, a path point W3 is orthogonal to the position of a sensor, and a path point W4 is orthogonal to a second transport roller. A distance between W3 and W4 is smaller than the minimum length of the flat items and is greater than or equal to a distance between W4 and a path end point Wend. A distance between Wend and an intake point W4-Wend of the subsequent goods processing apparatus is much smaller than the W4-Wend distance. A transport velocity distance between the separated flat items at the start of the transport path is controlled to a minimum distance and is always the same size when the items leave the feed station.

Abstract: A woven fabric includes warp threads or wires and includes weft wires, wherein, the woven fabric includes an offset weft wire. The offset is particularly suitable for fastening objects separate from the woven fabric. A method uses the woven fabric as a facade hanging by using the woven fabric as a base structure for bearing an object separate from the woven fabric. The object is borne on the offset separate from the woven fabric.

Abstract: A turbine rotor (1) for a gas turbine with a one-piece compressor housing (11) or a compressor housing (11) which is divided in a first plane, a one-piece turbine housing (12) connected to the compressor housing (11) or a turbine housing (12) which is divided in a second plane different from the first plane comprises a compressor area which includes at least two compressor disks (2.1-2.5) and a turbine area which includes at least one turbine disk (13.1, 13.2). The compressor disks and turbine disks are clamped together by a tie rod arrangement which includes at least one tie rod (6) which has a first fastening area, a second fastening area for clamping at least two compressor disks between the first fastening area and the second fastening area, and a third fastening area for clamping at least one turbine disk.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a medical fluid is provided which includes a treatment machine having a coupling surface, with a cassette made of a hard part having liquid-conducting passages which are covered by a flexible film being able to be coupled to the coupling surface of the treatment machine. A corresponding medical cassette is also provided. An air-free coupling of the flexible film of the cassette to the treatment machine is ensured in that air can be sucked out areally along a plane between the flexible film and the coupling surface during the coupling process and/or with a coupled cassette. A method for coupling the cassette and a method for checking the leaktightness of the cassette via the vacuum control of the air suction is also provided.

Abstract: In a method for a model-based determination of a temperature distribution of an exhaust gas post-treatment unit, a differentiation is made between steady operating states and non-steady operating states by taking into account the axial and the radial temperature distribution, and, on the basis of virtual segmentation of the post-treatment unit, in particular the radial heat transfer to the surroundings is taken into account in the model-based determination for steady operating states, and for non-steady operating states the heat transfer from the exhaust gas which flows axially through the post-treatment unit to the segments is taken into account by a heat transfer coefficient k.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for controlling a system for transporting blood, and a method for transporting blood in a blood line of an extracorporeal blood circuit of an extracorporeal blood treatment system. The present invention also relates to an extracorporeal blood treatment device comprising such a system for transporting blood. The method and device according to the present invention are based on the fact that a defined threshold value for the pressure in the blood line should not be exceeded. The system for transporting blood is controlled in such a way the blood in the blood line is transported in a pre-determined volume flow as long as the pressure in the blood line is below the pre-determined threshold value. When the pressure in the blood line reaches the pre-defined threshold value, however, the system for transporting blood is controlled such that a pressure value corresponding to the threshold value is set when the blood is transported in the blood line.

Abstract: A method of operating a projection exposure tool for microlithography is provided. The projection exposure tool has a projection objective for imaging object structures on a mask into an image plane using electromagnetic radiation, during which imaging the electromagnetic radiation causes a change in optical properties of the projection objective.