Abstract: A valve includes a housing, in which a first valve body is accommodated so that it is moveable in a direction of a longitudinal axis, a first valve seat configured to be closed by the first valve body and arranged on the housing, a first fluid flow path extending from a first connection via the first valve seat to a second connection, a second valve seat closeable by a moveable second valve body, the second valve body formed separately from the first valve body, a second fluid flow path extending from the first connection via a bypass duct in the first valve body, onwards via the second valve seat to the second connection, so that pressure at the first connection is limited upwardly by the first and the second valve body in that hydraulic fluid is led to the second connection via the first fluid flow path.

Abstract: A hydraulic cartridge valve includes a sleeve with a longitudinal bore that forms a working port via an end opening. A plunger is accommodated for linear motion in the longitudinal bore. The sleeve is penetrated in an inlet port region by a first radial bore that extends radially with respect to a longitudinal axis of the hydraulic cartridge valve. The sleeve is penetrated in a return port region by a second radial bore that extends radially with respect to the longitudinal axis. A first fluid flow path extends from the inlet port to the working port and a second fluid flow path extends from the working port to the return port. The plunger has third and fourth radial bores that extend radially with respect to the longitudinal axis and form part of the first and second fluid flow paths, respectively.

Abstract: A valve includes a housing, in which a first valve body is accommodated so that it is moveable in a direction of a longitudinal axis, a first valve seat configured to be closed by the first valve body and arranged on the housing, a first fluid flow path extending from a first connection via the first valve seat to a second connection, a second valve seat closeable by a moveable second valve body, the second valve body formed separately from the first valve body, a second fluid flow path extending from the first connection via a bypass duct in the first valve body, onwards via the second valve seat to the second connection, so that pressure at the first connection is limited upwardly by the first and the second valve body in that hydraulic fluid is led to the second connection via the first fluid flow path.

Abstract: A hydraulic cartridge valve includes a sleeve with a longitudinal bore that forms a working port via an end opening. A plunger is accommodated for linear motion in the longitudinal bore. The sleeve is penetrated in an inlet port region by a first radial bore that extends radially with respect to a longitudinal axis of the hydraulic cartridge valve. The sleeve is penetrated in a return port region by a second radial bore that extends radially with respect to the longitudinal axis. A first fluid flow path extends from the inlet port to the working port and a second fluid flow path extends from the working port to the return port. The plunger has third and fourth radial bores that extend radially with respect to the longitudinal axis and form part of the first and second fluid flow paths, respectively.

Abstract: A lithographic mask comprises a first layer including grooves, a second layer including regions, sections and a groove-like structure that encloses the sections. The first and second layers are formed so as to reduce electrical potential differences within the second layer. A method of forming a lithographic mask includes forming first and second layers to dispose the second layer over the first layer, patterning the second layer to comprise sections, a region, and a groove-like structure enclosing the sections, and forming grooves in the first layer at portions not covered by the second layer. The first and second layers are formed to reduce potential differences within the second layers during the step of forming the grooves in the first layer.

Abstract: A lithographic mask comprises a first layer including grooves, a second layer including regions, sections and a groove-like structure that encloses the sections. The first and second layers are formed so as to reduce electrical potential differences within the second layer. A method of forming a lithographic mask includes forming first and second layers to dispose the second layer over the first layer, patterning the second layer to comprise sections, a region, and a groove-like structure enclosing the sections, and forming grooves in the first layer at portions not covered by the second layer. The first and second layers are formed to reduce potential differences within the second layers during the step of forming the grooves in the first layer.