Abstract: A new method for selecting clones and recloning mammalian cells which are of importance for the production of biopharmaceuticals, preferably hamster or mouse myeloma cells, with a high degree of automation and throughput. The invention relates to methods of depositing and replicating single cell clones of the cells in question. The invention also relates to methods of preparing proteins using cells which have been obtained and replicated by single cell deposition as well as compositions which allow the replication of single cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to an appliance for opening and closing a reagent-container stopper in a partially or fully automatic analysis apparatus, and to the method, which is applied by means of this appliance, for opening and closing a reagent-container stopper in a partially or fully automatic analysis appliance.

Abstract: An expression vector for eukaryotic cells comprising a gene which codes for a protein of interest, functionally linked to a hamster-ubiquitin/S27a-promoter and a gene which codes for a fluorescent protein. Preferably the expression vector also contains an amplifiable selectable marker gene.

Abstract: A processing tool for manufacturing semiconductor devices, e.g. a lithography cluster, has a device transfer area with an optical sensor (e.g. CCD-camera), and an illumination system. A substrate (e.g., a semiconductor wafer, a reticle, or a mask for exposure on the wafer) that is transferred to or from one of its processing chambers can be scanned during its movement at low resolution. Scanning is performed before and after processing in at least one the processing chambers of the processing tool. The images are compared and optionally subtracted from each other. Defects imposed to the substrate due to contaminating particles only during the present processes with sizes larger than 10 &mgr;m are visible on the subtracted image. Defects imposed earlier are diminished as well as structures formed from a mask pattern below 10 &mgr;m. Pattern recognition allows efficient classification of the defects just detected in a processing tool.

Abstract: Novel salicyl alcohol derivatives having valuable cosmetically and pharmaceutically useful properties, such as prostaglandin synthesis inhibition, corresponding to the formula (I): R1—OCH2—Ph—O—Z—(R2)n  (I), a method for producing the same and their utilization in cosmetics and pharmacy.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the end point during cleaning etching of processing chambers by means of plasma etching, which is used for carrying out coating or etching processes during the manufacture of semiconductor components. The invention provides a method for effectively and reliably determining the end point during cleaning etching of processing chambers. The end point is determined by monitoring the DC bias voltage on the plasma generator which is used for the plasma cleaning etching in the processing chamber in an evaluation unit. The plasma cleaning etching process is terminated by stopping the supply of the process gases in the gas supply unit and by switching off the plasma generator upon reaching a predetermined DC bias voltage value which corresponds to completion of the cleaning etching process.

Abstract: A batch of semiconductor wafers are exposed after an alignment in a wafer stepper or scanner and each of their alignment parameters are determined. Using, e.g., a linear formula with tool specific coefficients, the overlay accuracy can be calculated from these alignment parameters in advance with a high degree of accuracy as if a measurement with an overlay inspection tool had been performed. The exposure tool-offset can be adjusted on a wafer-to-wafer basis to correct for the derived overlay inaccuracy. Moreover, the alignment parameters for a specific wafer can be used to change the tool-offset for the same wafer prior to exposure. The required inspection tool capacity is advantageously reduced, the wafer rework decreases, and time is saved to perform the exposure step.

Abstract: While a first leading semiconductor wafer (11) already processed in a process appliance (1) and belonging to a batch is being measured in a microscope measuring instrument (2) in relation to values for the structure parameters 30, a second or further semiconductor wafer (12) belonging to the batch is processed in the process appliance (1). An event signal (100) reports, for example, an inspection carried out successfully of the first wafer, so that the following wafers (12) no longer need to be inspected. Using the measured results, the process parameters (31) of the process appliance (1) are automatically readjusted. Events such as maintenance work or parameter drifts in trend maps etc. are detected in control units (8 or 9) and, via the output of an event signal (102), for example in an event database (40), lead to the event-based selection of structure parameters (30′) to be measured and/or to the initiation of a leading wafer (11).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for obtaining 12-hydroxystearinic acid and the salts thereof from a native fat or oil, especially ricinoleic oil, characterized in that a) the native fat or oil is hydrolized under the catalytic influence of one or several enzymes at 15-50° C. to obtain ricinoleic acid b) the glycerol thus arising and the enzyme are separated, c) the hydrolysate is catalytically hydrolized, d) the product thus obtained is formulated.

Abstract: The invention relates to flavone and isoflavone glycoside derivatives of general formula (I): [A1-C(═O)O]m—[X—O-Z]-[O—C(═O)-A2]n (I), wherein [X—O-Z] represents a flavone or isoflavone glycoside structure, wherein X represents a flavone or isoflavone parent substance of formula (IIa) or (IIb), said (iso)flavone parent substance being mono- or multisubstituted and/or mono- or multireduced (hydrogenated), wherein Z (sugar) represents a mono-, di- or polysaccharide which is acetally bonded to the radical X and is ester-substituted with A2 n-times, [A1-C(═O)] representing an acyl radical on the flavone or isoflavone parent substance, wherein A1 and A2, independently of each other, represent a polyunsaturated C15-C25-alkenyl radical with at least 4 isolated and/or at least 2 conjugated double bonds or an arylaliphatic radical with 1-4 methylene groups between the ester group and the aromatic ring, wherein [C(═O)A2&rs

Abstract: The invention relates to an enzyme-catalysed modification of substances in a mixture, comprising bringing the substance in a mixture to be modified into contact with an enzyme and a substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the deacidification of natural fats and oils in which glycerides with acid values of 5 to 20 are treated with lower alcohols and free fatty acids are thus converted into esters and which is distinguished by the fact that the reaction is carried out in the presence of enzymes immobilized on supports with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm.

Abstract: While a first leading semiconductor wafer (11) already processed in a process appliance (1) and belonging to a batch is being measured in a microscope measuring instrument (2) in relation to values for the structure parameters 30, a second or further semiconductor wafer (12) belonging to the batch is processed in the process appliance (1). An event signal (100) reports, for example, an inspection carried out successfully of the first wafer, so that the following wafers (12) no longer need to be inspected. Using the measured results, the process parameters (31) of the process appliance (1) are automatically readjusted. Events such as maintenance work or parameter drifts in trend maps etc. are detected in control units (8 or 9) and, via the output of an event signal (102), for example in an event database (40), lead to the event-based selection of structure parameters (30′) to be measured and/or to the initiation of a leading wafer (11).

Abstract: A description is given of a cap for a reagent container having a sealable lid, where the lid can be pivoted laterally upward from the cap sealing position, with the container being opened, by means of an inclined bistable hinge, bears one or more catches which can come into contact with an apparatus for opening or closing the lid, and the cap has one or more centering elements by means of which the reagent-container setting position in the analyzer is fixed.