Abstract: A monolithic substrate of glass or glass ceramics and methods for manufacturing are provided, where the substrate has a lightweight structure. The lightweight structure includes recesses that are delimited by webs, such webs forming tetragonal or four-corner-shaped pockets. Due to the lightweight structure, the weight of the substrate can be significantly reduced, and at the same time a high rigidity can be ensured. The substrate can be used as a mirror support or a mirror and can be employed terrestrially and/or extra-terrestrially.

Abstract: A monolithic substrate of glass or glass ceramics and methods for manufacturing are provided, where the substrate has a lightweight structure. The lightweight structure includes recesses that are delimited by webs, such webs forming tetragonal or four-corner-shaped pockets. Due to the lightweight structure, the weight of the substrate can be significantly reduced, and at the same time a high rigidity can be ensured. The substrate can be used as a mirror support or a mirror and can be employed terrestrially and/or extra-terrestrially.

Abstract: A levitation process for producing fire-polished gobs is provided. The process includes feeding a glass slug into a levitation mold and reducing a through-flow of the fluid between the glass slug and the levitation mold. The levitation mold includes a membrane of a porous material.

Abstract: A substrate and methods of making is provided. The substrate is made of glass or glass ceramic and finds use as a mirror support having a light-weight structure. The substrate includes recesses and is reinforced with covers in the region of bearing points for rigidification.

Abstract: A levitation process for producing fire-polished gobs is provided. The process includes feeding glass slug is into a levitation mold and reducing a through-flow of the fluid between the glass slug and the levitation mold. The levitation mold includes a membrane of a porous material.

Abstract: A melting tank with a batch loading channel, with a channel covering having an exhaust gas flue and a loading opening that can be closed by a loading door or flap during operation of the melting tank and the loading opening can be opened for loading the batch. Emissions and service life improvements can be achieved because during operation of the melting tank, a constant air stream is introduced into the loading channel by nozzles in the closed loading door or flap. While loading the batch, the loading door or flap is moved sufficiently far so that the nozzles are moved out of the region of the loading channel, and the loading door or flap covers the region underneath the channel covering with a suction device. A region of the loading opening underneath the channel covering is opened for a loading device.

Abstract: A method for separating beads from a strand of plastic glass, which emerges continuously from a storage unit, wherein the glass strand passes a periodically controllable glass cutter, and the beads are separated from the glass strand in cutting phases. The separated beads are received by molds which are displaced beneath the glass cutter at a timed rate of conveyance, which is adapted to a cutting sequence of the glass cutter, an emerging speed of the glass strand and a desired size of bead. The control of the glass cutter includes, in the periods, two different cutting phases for alternately separating useful beads and waste beads, and the waste beads are easily discharged between the conveyed molds.

Abstract: The invention relates to an energy supply device of a melting tank. According to the invention, between an electrode plane of the melting tank and a converter for the current supply of the electrode plane, a separatable plug connection is provided in the supply line, between the electrode plane and the converter. Thereby in case of a defect of the converter, the supply line can be cut off simply and rapidly, and the converter either tended to or replaced. In an especially advantageous form of execution the energy supply device has a reserve converter so that, on failing of the converter, by unplugging the plug connection and replugging it so as to set up a plug connection to the reserve converter, the energy feed to the electrode plane can be restored within the shortest possible time.

Abstract: A melting tank with a batch loading channel, with a channel covering having an exhaust gas flue and a loading opening that can be closed by a loading door or flap during operation of the melting tank and the loading opening can be opened for loading the batch. Emissions and service life improvements can be achieved because during operation of the melting tank, a constant air stream is introduced into the loading channel by nozzles in the closed loading door or flap. While loading the batch, the loading door or flap is moved sufficiently far so that the nozzles are moved out of the region of the loading channel, and the loading door or flap covers the region underneath the channel covering with a suction device. A region of the loading opening underneath the channel covering is opened for a loading device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an energy supply device of a melting tank. According to the invention, between an electrode plane of the melting tank and a converter for the current supply of the electrode plane, a separatable plug connection is provided in the supply line, between the electrode plane and the converter. Thereby in case of a defect of the converter, the supply line can be cut off simply and rapidly, and the converter either tended to or replaced. In an especially advantageous form of execution the energy supply device has a reserve converter so that, on failing of the converter, by unplugging the plug connection and replugging it so as to set up a plug connection to the reserve converter, the energy feed to the electrode plane can be restored within the shortest possible time.