Abstract: A compound of formula (I) of formula (II) or of formula (III) wherein R1 and R2 independently from each other are a C1- to C8-alkyl group and R3 to R12 independently from each other are a hydrogen or a C1- to C4-alkyl group.

Abstract: A process for preparing trans-enriched MDACH, including: distilling an MDACH starting mixture in the presence of an auxiliary, which is an organic compound having a molar mass of 62 to 500 g/mol, a boiling point at least 5° C. above the boiling point of cis,cis-2,6-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane, and 2 to 4 functional groups, each of which is independently an alcohol group or a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group. The MDACH starting mixture includes 0 to 100% by weight of 2,4-MDACH and 0 to 100% by weight of 2,6-MDACH, based on the total amount of MDACH present in the MDACH starting mixture. The MDACH starting mixture includes both trans and cis isomers. Trans-enriched MDACH includes 0 to 100% by weight of 2,4-MDACH and 0 to 100% by weight of 2,6-MDACH, where the proportion of trans isomers in the mixture is higher than the proportion of trans isomers in the MDACH starting mixture.

Abstract: A method for isomerizing a starting mixture comprising 2,4-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane, 2,4-MDACH for short, 2,6-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane, 2,6-MDACH for short, or mixtures thereof, wherein the isomerization is carried out in the presence of a supported catalyst with zirconium dioxide as support and ruthenium as active metal.

Abstract: A method for isomerizing a starting mixture comprising 2,4-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane, 2,4-MDACH for short, 2,6-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane, 2,6-MDACH for short, or mixtures thereof, wherein the isomerization is carried out in the presence of a supported catalyst with zirconium dioxide as support and ruthenium as active metal.

Abstract: A process for preparing trans-enriched MDACH, including: distilling an MDACH starting mixture in the presence of an auxiliary, which is an organic compound having a molar mass of 62 to 500 g/mol, a boiling point at least 5° C. above the boiling point of cis,cis-2,6-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane, and 2 to 4 functional groups, each of which is independently an alcohol group or a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group. The MDACH starting mixture includes 0 to 100% by weight of 2,4-MDACH and 0 to 100% by weight of 2,6-MDACH, based on the total amount of MDACH present in the MDACH starting mixture. The MDACH starting mixture includes both trans and cis isomers. Trans-enriched MDACH includes 0 to 100% by weight of 2,4-MDACH and 0 to 100% by weight of 2,6-MDACH, where the proportion of trans isomers in the mixture is higher than the proportion of trans isomers in the MDACH starting mixture.

Abstract: A process for preparing (4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenylamine (pyrimethanil) of the formula by reacting aniline with cyanamide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give the corresponding phenylguanidinium salt and reacting the phenylguanidinium salt with acetylacetone in the presence of an aqueous base, wherein the process is performed as a one-pot process, by not isolating the phenylguanidinium salt formed as an intermediate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for coupling ultrasound between an ultrasonic transducer and an object. A scanning element is attached to an ultrasonic transducer to form an integral transducer assembly in which an ultrasound emitting surface of the ultrasonic transducer is positioned in a fluid cavity of an upper chamber. The ultrasonic transducer assembly may be moved relative to the object to be scanned in order to adjust the focus of the ultrasound. Adjusting a lower wall of the upper chamber in close proximity to the object to be scanned forms a thin film of coupling fluid between a planar region of the lower wall and the upper surface of the object.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for coupling ultrasound between an ultrasonic transducer and an object. A scanning element is attached to an ultrasonic transducer to form an integral transducer assembly in which an ultrasound emitting surface of the ultrasonic transducer is positioned in a fluid cavity of an upper chamber. The ultrasonic transducer assembly may be moved relative to the object to be scanned in order to adjust the focus of the ultrasound. Adjusting a lower wall of the upper chamber in close proximity to the object to be scanned forms a thin film of coupling fluid between a planar region of the lower wall and the upper surface of the object.

Abstract: Sound radiation from a region of a vibrating surface is reduced by coupling a stiff structure to the vibrating surface using a first compliant element, such that the region of the vibrating surface is substantially covered. A dynamic force is applied to the stiff structure. The dynamic force reacts against a mass element and is selected to minimize the radiated sound. The dynamic force may be applied using a passive, semi-active or active coupling between the mass element and the stiff structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of tetrasubstituted ureas by reaction of the corresponding amines with phosgene in the presence of an aqueous inorganic base at a temperature in the range from 0 to 150° C., which comprises: feeding the corresponding amine, the phosgene and the aqueous inorganic base on average continuously to the reaction apparatus, forming a two-phase system in the reaction apparatus through the choice of the tetrasubstituted ureas to be prepared, through the mixing ratios of the substances and substance mixtures to be fed in, through the temperature during the reaction and, where appropriate, through the feed of an organic solvent which is not completely miscible with water, and discharging the reaction mixture on average continuously from the reaction apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of tetrasubstituted ureas by reaction of the corresponding amines with phosgene in the presence of an aqueous inorganic base at a temperature in the range from 0 to 150° C., which comprises: feeding the corresponding amine, the phosgene and the aqueous inorganic base on average continuously to the reaction apparatus, forming a two-phase system in the reaction apparatus through the choice of the tetrasubstituted ureas to be prepared, through the mixing ratios of the substances and substance mixtures to be fed in, through the temperature during the reaction and, where appropriate, through the feed of an organic solvent which is not completely miscible with water, and discharging the reaction mixture on average continuously from the reaction apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for ultrasonic scanning of a wafer assembly is disclosed. The wafer assembly is held in a wafer chuck and rotated. A transducer generates ultrasound in the wafer assembly and the ultrasound emitted from the wafer assembly is sensed. A controller adjusts the relative positions of the wafer and the transducer and controls the transducer to generate ultrasound at a number of scan points.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for coupling ultrasound between an ultrasonic transducer and an object. A fluid cavity in an upper chamber has an inlet for receiving a flow of coupling fluid, a first aperture for admitting the ultrasonic transducer into the fluid cavity and a second aperture for dispensing coupling fluid from the fluid cavity to the object. The first and second apertures may be sized to restrict flow of coupling fluid from the fluid cavity. The focus of the ultrasound transducer may be varied by moving the ultrasonic transducer relative to the upper chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing acid chlorides by converting carboxylic acids with carbon oxychlorides or thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst adduct of an N,N-disubstituted formamide of general formula (I) and carbon oxychloride or thionyl chloride. In the formula, R1 and R2, independently from one another, mean C1- to C4-alkyl or R1 and R2 together mean a C4- or C5-alkylene chain. According to the inventive method, hydrogen chloride is added during and/or after the conversion.

Abstract: Process for the purification of carbonyl chlorides which have been prepared by reacting carboxylic acids with phosgene or thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst adduct, in which the carbonyl chlorides are treated with a hydrohalide of carboxamides of the formula (I) in which R1 is hydrogen or C1- to C3-alkyl; R2 and R3 independently of one another are C1- to C4-alkyl, or R2 and R3 together are a C4- or C5-alkylene chain, and the carbonyl chloride purified in this way is isolated by separation off from the carboxamide hydrohalide phase.

Abstract: A process for preparing chlorocarbonyl chlorides of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: A vibration excited sound absorber for reducing the sound radiation from a vibrating surface. Each sound absorber has a radiating element which is connected to the vibrating surface by a coupling means. The vibrating surface is partially covered with one or more devices. The dynamic response of the sound absorber is tuned so that the volume velocity of the radiating element is substantially equal in amplitude but opposite in phase relative to the volume velocity of the surrounding exposed vibrating surface. The net volume velocity of the surface is thereby reduced.

Abstract: An active plus selective headset system for provision of active attenuation of broadband noise as well as speech filtering comprising a headset with reference microphones, residual microphones and speakers on each of a pair of open backed muffs and a controller means.