Abstract: Processes are described for manufacturing atomically-precise tips using one or more tips in one or more mechanosynthetic reactions to create one or more atomically-precise tips. The processes may employ a variety of feedstock, binding any of a wide range of atoms to a workpiece to build the one or more atomically-precise tips. The processes result in atomically-precise mechanosynthesis tips with a wide variety of possible tip structures using a wide range of feedstock binding elements. Characteristics of such tips that may be used when designing new embodiments are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of using positionally controlled molecular tools in an inert environment (such as ultra high vacuum) to fabricate complex atomically precise structures, including diamond, graphite, nanotubes, fullerenes, additional sets of the selfsame molecular tools, and others. Molecular tools have atomically precise tooltips which interact directly with a workpiece to add, remove, and modify specific atoms and groups of atoms, and have handles by which they can be held and positioned; tools can be recharged after use. Specific tooltips are brought into contact with and bond to specific feedstock molecules distributed on a presentation surface, and then transfer said feedstock molecules to specific atomic sites on a workpiece using mechanosynthetic chemical reactions. Specific sites on a workpiece can be made chemically reactive, facilitating the transfer of specific groups to them.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of using positionally controlled molecular tools in an inert environment (such as ultra high vacuum) to fabricate complex atomically precise structures, including diamond, graphite, nanotubes, fullerenes, additional sets of the selfsame molecular tools, and others. Molecular tools have atomically precise tooltips which interact directly with a workpiece to add, remove, and modify specific atoms and groups of atoms, and have handles by which they can be held and positioned; tools can be recharged after use. Specific tooltips are brought into contact with and bond to specific feedstock molecules distributed on a presentation surface, and then transfer said feedstock molecules to specific atomic sites on a workpiece using mechanosynthetic chemical reactions. Specific sites on a workpiece can be made chemically reactive, facilitating the transfer of specific groups to them.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of using positionally controlled molecular tools in an inert environment (such as ultra high vacuum) to fabricate complex atomically precise structures, including diamond, graphite, nanotubes, fullerenes, additional sets of the selfsame molecular tools, and others. Molecular tools have atomically precise tooltips which interact directly with a workpiece to add, remove, and modify specific atoms and groups of atoms, and have handles by which they can be held and positioned; tools can be recharged after use. Specific tooltips are brought into contact with and bond to specific feedstock molecules distributed on a presentation surface, and then transfer said feedstock molecules to specific atomic sites on a workpiece using mechanosynthetic chemical reactions. Specific sites on a workpiece can be made chemically reactive, facilitating the transfer of specific groups to them.

Abstract: Systems and methods that allow the formation and distribution of session keys amongst a dynamic group of users communicating over an unreliable, or lossy, network.

Abstract: A system for controlling the distribution and use of digital works using digital tickets. In the present invention, a “digital ticket” is used to entitle the ticket holder to exercise some usage right with respect to a digital work. Usage rights are used to define how a digital work may be used or distributed. Each usage right may specify a digital ticket which must be present before the right may be exercised. Digital works are stored in repositories which enforce a digital works usage rights. Each repository has a “generic ticket agent” which punches tickets. In some instances only the generic ticket agent is necessary. In other instances, punching by a “special ticket agent” residing on another repository may be needed.

Abstract: Digital work adapted to be distributed within a system for controlling at least one of the distribution and use of digital works. The digital work includes: digital content representing a portion of a digital work suitable for being rendered by a rendering device and usage rights associated with the digital content. The usage rights specify a manner of use indicating one or more stated purposes for which the digital work can be at least one of used and distributed by an authorized party.

Abstract: A completely new and fast public key distribution algorithm is presented which uses only a modest number of weighted multi-precision integer additions (with small integer weights). In a method consistent with the present invention, a first entity determines a first value, x, and determines a weighted sum based on the first value and a first part of a public key corresponding to the second entity. The first entity transmits the weighted sum to the second entity and determines a first comparator based on the first value and a second part of a public key corresponding to the second entity. The second entity determines a second comparator representing an approximate version of the first comparator. Based on the first and second comparators, the first and second entities can agree on cryptographic key information.

Abstract: Systems and methods that allow the formation and distribution of session keys amongst a dynamic group of users communicating over an unreliable, or lossy, network.

Abstract: A system is presented for transmitting document references or tokens between users of integrated wireless and wire-based communication services. The system includes workstations, files servers, printers and other devices coupled to a wire-based network. Mobile computing devices are coupled to the wire-based network through either IR (infrared) or RF (radio) transceiver gateways. Each mobile computing device appears to hold a user's collection of documents: the device is programmed to receive, transmit, and store document tokens. The system includes a token-enabled document server that uses digital signatures to provide secure transfer of document tokens between users of the mobile computing devices and email clients. The token-enabled document server operates independent of the identity of the holder of the document token. Only the issuer of the document token needs be registered with the signature based document server to properly authenticate document tokens.

Abstract: A system and method which provide a non-biological self replicating manufacturing system (“SRMS”) are disclosed. A preferred embodiment provides an SRMS that enables assembly stations to replicate. In a preferred embodiment, positional assembly is utilized by one or more assembly stations to construct like assembly stations. Furthermore, in a most preferred embodiment, such assembly stations are small scale devices that are capable of working with small scale parts, such as micron-scale, nanometer-scale or even molecular-scale parts, in order to construct like assembly devices. The SRMS of a preferred embodiment performs surface-to-surface assembly. For example, an assembly station on a first surface (e.g., wafer), Surface A, constructs a like assembly station on another surface (e.g., wafer), Surface B. Most preferably, the assembly stations replicate at an exponential rate.

Abstract: A system is presented for transmitting document references or tokens between users of integrated wireless and wire-based communication services. The system includes workstations, files servers, printers and other devices coupled to a wire-based network. Mobile computing devices are coupled to the wire-based network through either IR (infrared) or RF (radio) transceiver gateways. Each mobile computing device appears to hold a user's collection of documents: the device is programmed to receive, transmit, and store document tokens. The system includes a token-enabled document server that uses digital signatures to provide secure transfer of document tokens between users of the mobile computing devices and email clients. The token-enabled document server operates independent of the identity of the holder of the document token. Only the issuer of the document token needs be registered with the signature based document server to properly authenticate document tokens.

Abstract: A system is presented for transmitting document references or tokens between users of integrated wireless and wire-based communication services. The system includes workstations, files servers, printers and other devices coupled to a wire-based network. Mobile computing devices are coupled to the wire-based network through either IR (infrared) or RF (radio) transceiver gateways. Each mobile computing device appears to hold a user's collection of documents: the device is programmed to receive, transmit, and store document tokens. The system includes a token-enabled document server that uses digital signatures to provide secure transfer of document tokens between users of the mobile computing devices and email clients. The token-enabled document server operates independent of the identity of the holder of the document token. Only the issuer of the document token needs be registered with the signature based document server to properly authenticate document tokens.

Abstract: The functionality of “protected shareware” is controlled by digitally signed messaging protocol. Protective code within the shareware controls the functionality of the shareware in response to authorization messages which are supplied directly or indirectly by the shareware supplier. These messages are digitally signed in whole or part by or on behalf of the shareware supplier using the supplier's secret signing key. The shareware, in turn, includes the public checking key for this digital signature of the supplier, thereby enabling the protective code to authenticate any such authorization message before acting in reliance upon it. The shareware includes an integrity self-checking routine which is run at appropriate times to ensure that shareware, including its protective code, is in an anticipated state. Typically this is equivalent to a finding that the code has not been altered, but it is conceivable that the code might be dynamically altered in some authorized (i. e.

Abstract: A fee accounting mechanism for reporting fees associated with the distribution and use of digital works. Usage rights and fees are attached to digital works. The usage rights define how the digital work may be used or further distributed. Usage fees are specified as part of a usage right. The digital works and their usage rights and fees are stored in repositories. The repositories control access to the digital works. Upon determination that the exercise of a usage right requires a fee, the repository generates a fee reporting transaction. Fee reporting is done to a credit server. The credit server collects the fee information and periodically transmits it to a billing clearinghouse.

Abstract: Logically and thermodynamically reversible charge transfer (RCT) devices and logic are provided for conditionally transferring individually identifiable charge packets from one or more sources to one or more destinations under the control of one or more additional charge packets that indicate by their presence or absence whether the condition or conditions have been satisfied or not. The individual identities of all of these charge packets are substantially preserved while logic operations are being performed by this logic.

Abstract: A system for authenticating a hard copy of an original document. The system employs a special copying machine at the sender's end together with a special ID card (smart card) or other user identification for activating the special machine, and a special copying machine at the receiving end. At the sender's station, the original document and ID card are inserted into the machine. The latter digitizes the document text, to produce a digital signature which incorporates unique information from the sender's ID card. This machine then produces a hard copy of the document to which is added the digital signature. The sender retains the original, but forwards the copy to the recipient or receiver. The receiver then inserts the received copy into the machine at his location, which digitizes and processes the document text and signature and indicates whether the digital signature is valid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encrypting and decrypting data which operates efficiently on computers of differing architectures is disclosed. Unlike previous encryption/decryption method and apparatus, the present invention executes efficiently in the computer's software. The method uses part of the data input to access a table of pseudo-random numbers. The pseudo-random numbers are exclusively ORed (XORed) with the remaining part of the data input. The output from the XOR operation is then used to access the table where the other portion of the data is in turn XORed with the pseudo random numbers. This iterative process continues until the data is fully randomized. Several variations of this method are presented.

Abstract: A method of generating digital signatures for signing an infinitely expandable series of messages M.sub.i. An infinitely expandable tree of signature nodes is used, where each node can be used to sign a message. Each node is also used to sign up to k subnodes, where k is an integer greater than one. Each signature used, both for signing messages and for signing subnodes, is a one time signature, which in the preferred embodiment is based on a one-way function F. The function F is made public. To sign a message M.sub.i the signer selects a previously unused node (i.e., node i) from the signature tree. The message signing key at this node is then used to sign this message. The sequence of nodes from the root of the tree (i.e. node l) to node i is then used to verify that the message signature is correct and has not been tampered with. Furthermore, this process proves that the message has not been tampered with.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method of providing a digital signature for purposes of authentication of a message, which utilizes an authentication tree function of a one-way function of a secret number.