Abstract: A method and apparatus for starch adhesive bonding of paper, paperboard, and natural cellulosic-fiber materials, especially liner and fluted corrugating medium, into manufactured items, particularly corrugated board. The method includes applying an adhesive coating, comprising starch and water, to a first substrate (e.g. tips of flutes of a corrugated medium), contacting the applied coating with another substrate (e.g. liner) and while so positioned contacting an exterior surface of at least one of the substrates with an ultrasonic energy generating means so as to transmit the ultrasonic energy to the adhesive coating to increase coating adhesion to the substrates.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying by a diver while underwater that provides information useful for enabling the diver to expeditiously and safely work on submerged vessels without the danger of tapping into an explosive gas. The invention is particularly useful for finding liquid/gas boundary in a submerged vessel or the pressure of liquid or gas behind the wall of a vessel. A transmitting transducer provides a low frequency acoustic tone burst that is transmitted toward the hull of the ship. The reflected signal from the inner surface of the hull is received by a hydrophone and processed. Electronic circuit means, responsive to the received signal, processes the signal and computes the location of a liquid/gas interface or the presence of liquid or gas behind the hull. A display provides indications of the computed values.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for starch adhesive bonding of paper, paperboard, and natural cellulosic-fiber materials, especially liner and fluted corrugating medium, into manufactured items, particularly corrugated board. The method includes applying an adhesive coating, comprising starch and water, to a first substrate (e.g. tips of flutes of a corrugated medium), contacting the applied coating with another substrate (e.g. liner) and while so positioned contacting an exterior surface of at least one of the substrates with an ultrasonic energy generating means so as to transmit ultrasonic energy to the adhesive coating to increase coating adhesion to the substrates.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for applying ultrasonic energy to a continuously moving web of paperboard at the same time it is being press-dried by being subjected to pressure and heat.