Abstract: A convection cooled traffic control device for selectively indicating traffic control guidance to vehicles. An enhanced brightness traffic control device for selectively displaying patterns of light emitting diodes (LEDs). A convection cooled traffic control device for selectively directing traffic by selectively actuating patterns of LEDs. A tapering system of a LED traffic control device. A brightness regulated LED traffic signal lamp. A conflict monitor interface system for a LED signal lamp. A failure logging method for compiling LED failures within an LED traffic signal light.

Abstract: A method for modeling an investment significant parameter of a financial instrument, using a computer. At least one series of historical bid prices of the financial instrument or historical ask prices of the financial instrument is provided. A financial model type that has at least one variable parameter is selected. The variable parameter(s) of the selected financial model type is initialized. The series of historical bid prices and/or historical ask prices is applied to the initialized financial model type to estimate the variable parameter(s). The resulting model of the financial instrument may be used to predict future values of the investment significant parameter of the financial instrument. These predicted future values may be used to determine whether to perform automated trades of the financial instrument.

Abstract: A convection cooled traffic control device for selectively indicating traffic control guidance to vehicles. An enhanced brightness traffic control device for selectively displaying patterns of light emitting diodes (LEDs). A convection cooled traffic control device for selectively directing traffic by selectively actuating patterns of LEDs. A tapering system of a LED traffic control device. A brightness regulated LED traffic signal lamp. A conflict monitor interface system for a LED signal lamp. A failure logging method for compiling LED failures within an LED traffic signal light.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for performing dynamic cost accounting for an enterprise, wherein the enterprise includes a costing system. The method includes programmatically retrieving input information for the costing system, e.g., from one or more (possibly remote) information sources over a network, dynamically updating the costing system in accordance with the retrieved input information to generate an updated costing system, and the updated costing system calculating one or more outputs which are usable in managing the enterprise. The retrieving and update may occur periodically, e.g., monthly, weekly, per hour, minute, second, millisecond, etc., or on demand. In some embodiments, the enterprise may further include one or more optimizers, wherein the optimizers are provided with the one or more outputs of the costing system, and executed to determine one or more optimal operating parameters for the enterprise.