Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a textile softening composition which comprises, as the softening agent, a quaternary ammonium salt which comprises a mixture of mono-, di-, and tri-ester components, wherein the amount of diester quaternary is greater than about 55% by weight, and the amount of triester quaternary is less than about 25% by weight based on the total amount of quaternary ammonium salt. The invention also relates to a process for preparing said softening agent.

Abstract: Viscoelastic surfactant based aqueous fluid systems are described that are useful in fracturing subterranean formations penetrated by a wellbore. The preferred surfactant compositions contain quaternary ammonium salts wherein the long chain alkyl substituent contains about 3% or less of groups containing 18 or less carbon atoms. The amount of intermediate compounds in the surfactant composition is less than about 1%. The surfactant composition can be used in conjunction with an inorganic water soluble salt such as ammonium chloride or potassium chloride, and an organic stabilizing additive.

Abstract: Engine deposits are reduced by adding an effective deposit-controlling amount of an esteramine to hydrocarbon fuel.

Abstract: A 2-in-1 conditioning shampoo includes an anionic surfactant and a cationic hair conditioning agent. The cationic hair conditioning agent is a fatty aliphatic quaternary ammonium compound having ester linkages. The cationic hair conditioning agent can be prepared by reacting an alkanol amine with a fatty acid or fatty acid ester having an aliphatic group of from about 11 to about 24 carbon atoms and thereafter quaternizing the resulting esteramine with an alkylating agent.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a textile softening composition which comprises, as the softening agent, a quaternary ammonium salt which comprises a mixture of mono-, di- and tri-ester components, wherein the amount of diester quaternary is greater than about 55% by weight, and the amount of triester quaternary is less than about 25% by weight based on the total amount of quaternary ammonium salt. The invention also relates to a process for preparing said softening agent.

Abstract: A method for providing a conductive metal deposit on the surface of a dielectric substrate by applying a composition comprising a mixture of a salt and amine or amide compound to the substrate and subjecting the composition to a continuous wavelength laser beam.

Abstract: A dialkyl dicarbonate is prepared by contacting an alkyl haloformate with an alkali metal carbonate in the presence of a solvating amount of a solvent. The process of the invention does not require a catalyst, is easy to carry out, does not employ particularly hazardous materials, does not require cumbersome purification steps, and provides a high yield of dicarbonate.

Abstract: An improved method of using polymer compositions to produce foamed plastics, wherein a major, auxiliary source of blowing agent for the foam is the decomposition of dialkyl dicarbonates. The dialkyl dicarbonates can be decomposed over temperatures ranging from about 10.degree. C. to about 45.degree. C. when used in combination with particular tertiary amine decomposition catalysts. Enhanced production of carbon dioxide is obtained by the addition of water.

Abstract: A method of using blowing agent compositions to produce foamed plastics such as polyurethanes, polyesters and the like, wherein a major auxiliary source of blowing agent for the foam is the decomposition of dialkyl dicarbonates. The dialkyl dicarbonates can be decomposed over temperatures ranging from about 10.degree. C. to about 45.degree. C. when used in combination with particular tertiary amine decomposition catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a composition of matter and to a method of using the composition to produce foamed plastics, wherein a major, auxiliary source of blowing agent for the foam is the decomposition of dialkyl dicarbonates. The dialkyl dicarbonates can be decomposed over temperatures ranging from about 10.degree. C. to about 45.degree. C. when used in combination with particular tertiary amine decomposition catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a composition of matter and to a method of using the composition to produce foamed plastics, wherein a major, auxiliary source of blowing agent for the foam is the decomposition of dialkyl dicarbonates. The dialkyl dicarbonates can be decomposed over temperatures ranging from about 10.degree. C. to about 45.degree. C. when used in combination with particular tertiary amine decomposition catalysts.

Abstract: A dialkyl dicarbonate (dialkyl pyrocarbonate) is prepared by contacting an alkyl haloformate (such as ethyl chloroformate) with an alkali metal carbonate (such as potassium carbonate) in the presence of a catalytic amount of a crown ether (such as 18 crown 6) and a solvating amount of a solvent (such as acetonitrile). The process of the invention is easy to carry out, it does not employ particularly hazardous materials, and provides a high yield of dicarbonate.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of carbonyl compounds by an alkali or alkaline-earth metal borohydride in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst which is an N-benzyl-N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl)cocoammonium halide.

Abstract: The trans-clutch torque converter of the invention includes a pair of parallel input and output shafts having pairs of interengaging input and output gears on the shafts together with pairs of idler or transfer gears positioned on the shafts between the other pairs of gears thereon and with hydraulic pressure fluid galleries being formed in the housing chamber and with the speed output of the converter being determined by the interengagement and relationship between the gears on the input and output shafts, the improvement comprising using special herringbone gears and side pressure vanes slidably positioned in the housing to move axially thereof for maintaining pressure engagement between the sides of the gears on the input and output shafts after wear thereof, and wherein the gears each have a recess formed in one side face thereof connecting to a hub opening to transmit pressure liquid to the support shaft and a pressure relief orifice therein to aid in controlling the gear interengagement and speed contro

Abstract: A multi-speed trans-clutch torque converter having pairs of input and output gears positioned on parallel input and output shafts in a closed chamber, a plurality of pairs of idler gears journalled on the shafts between the input and output gears, means to supply pressure liquid to the driven input gears for recirculation in the closed chamber by the output gears, and means to move pairs of said idler gears axially to engage said input or said output gears and retain them in their given positions.