Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas by an absorbent which comprises an inorganic oxide composition in association with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium and dysprosium, wherein said inorganic oxide composition is selected from the group consisting of MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.4, mixtures of alumina with magnesium oxide and mixtures of magnesium oxide with MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.4. The absorbent can be circulated through a fluidized catalytic cracking process together with hydrocarbon cracking catalyst to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone.

Abstract: This invention provides for a method of preparing zeolite A from spent metals-contaminated cracking catalyst while concomitantly removing at least a portion of one of the contaminant and catalytic metals from the spent catalyst by contacting the spent catalyst with a solution containing an alkali metal hydroxide and a sufficient amount of sodium aluminate under hydrothermal conditions for a specified period of time to form the zeolite A.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a process for reducing the pour point of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing nitrogen- and sulfur-containing impurities. The hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with hydrogen and a hydrotreating catalyst under hydrotreating conditions whereby a portion of the nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds are converted to hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. A portion of the hydrotreater effluent is then passed to a dewaxing zone and contacted with hydrogen under dewaxing conditions in the presence of a borosilicate-containing dewaxing catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a process for reducing the pour point of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing nitrogen- and sulfur-containing impurities. The hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with hydrogen and a hydrotreating catalyst under hydrotreating conditions whereby a portion of the nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds are converted to hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. A portion of the hydrotreater effluent is then passed to a dewaxing zone and contacted with hydrogen under dewaxing conditions in the presence of a dewaxing catalyst containing a borosilicate molecular sieve on silica-alumina-containing matrix.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a process for reducing the pour point of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds. Specifically, the hydrocarbon feedstock is passed to an extraction zone wherein N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone is used to extract a portion of the aromatic compounds. A portion of the extraction zone raffinate is then passed to a hydrotreating zone wherein a portion of the nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds are converted to hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Subsequently, a portion of the hydrotreating zone effluent is then passed to a dewaxing zone and contacted with a shape selective molecular sieve containing dewaxing catalyst.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas by an absorbent comprising at least one inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, and calcium in association with yttrium or yttrium combined with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium, and dysprosium, wherein the ratio by weight of inorganic oxide or oxides to yttrium or yttrium combined with a rare earth metal or metals is from about 0.1 to about 30,000. Absorbed sulfur oxides are recovered as a sulfur-containing gas by contacting the spent absorbent with a hydrocarbon in the presence of a hydrocarbon cracking catalyst at a temperture from about 375.degree. to about 900.degree. C. The absorbent can be circulated through a fluidized catalytic cracking process together with the hydrocarbon cracking catalyst to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone thereof.

Abstract: An absorbent for sulfur oxides comprising an inorganic oxide composition in association with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium and dysprosium, wherein said inorganic oxide composition is selected from the group consisting of MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.4, mixtures of alumina with magnesium oxide and mixtures of magnesium oxide with MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.4. The absorbent can be circulated through a fluidized catalytic cracking process together with hydrocarbon cracking catalyst to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone.

Abstract: The catalyst comprises a physical particle-form mixture of a Componet A, a Component B, and a Component C, said Component A comprising at least one Group VIII noble metal, preferably platinum, deposed on a solid catalyst support material providing acidic catalytic sites, said Component B comprising a small amount of a non-noble metal of Group VIII selected from cobalt, nickel, and mixtures thereof, preferably cobalt, on a solid catalyst support material providing acidic catalytic sites, said Component C comprising a small amount of gallium deposed on a solid catalyst support material providing acidic catalytic sites, and said catalyst having been prepared by thoroughly and intimately blending finely-divided particles of said Component A, B, and C to provide a thoroughly-blended composite.The catalyst can be employed suitably in a hydrocarbon conversion process.

Abstract: The catalyst comprises a physical particle-form mixture of a Component A, a Component B, and a Component C, said Component A comprising at least one Group VIII noble metal, preferably platinum, deposed on a solid catalyst support material providing acidic catalytic sites, said Component B comprising a small amount of a non-noble metal of Group VIII selected from cobalt, nickel, and mixtures thereof, preferably cobalt, on a solid catalyst support material providing acidic catalytic sites, said Component C comprising a small amount of gallium deposed on a solid catalyst support material providing acidic catalytic sites, and said catalyst having been prepared by thoroughly and intimately blending finely-divided particles of said Components A, B, and C to provide a thoroughly-blended composite.The catalyst can be employed suitably in a hydrocarbon conversion process.

Abstract: An improved fluid catalytic cracking process comprises a method for the regeneration of the fluidizable hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, particularly of the molecular sieve type, which has been deactivated with coke deposits while employed in a hydrocarbon catalytic cracking process, in which the coke-containing hydrocarbon conversion catalyst is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas to burn the coke from the catalyst under conditions providing substantially complete combustion of carbon monoxide and substantially complete combustion of the coke on the catalyst. In the regenerator, particles of the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst are in association with particles of a platinum group metal or rhenium oxidation catalyst which promotes the combustion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The catalyst composite contains a mixture of cracking catalyst particles and particles having the platinum group metal or rhenium oxidation catalyst supported on a substrate.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas by an absorbent which comprises a physical mixture of (1) a particulate cracking catalyst comprising from about 0.5 to about 50 weight percent of a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite which is distributed throughout a porous matrix wherein said matrix comprises from about 70 to about 100 weight percent of alumina and (2) a particulate solid other than cracking catalyst which comprises at least one inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of aluminum and magnesium in association with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium and dysprosium, wherein the ratio by weight of inorganic oxide or oxides to rare earth metal or metals is from about 1.0 to about 1,000. Absorbed sulfur oxides are recovered as a sulfur-containing gas comprising hydrogen sulfide by contacting the spent absorbent with a hydrocarbon at a temperature from about 375.degree. to about 900.degree. C.

Abstract: The method of converting at least 20% by weight of a vacuum gas oil fraction boiling above 650.degree. F. into products having a boiling point less than about 650.degree. F., which comprises hydrotreating a vacuum gas oil with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst comprising a Group VIB and Group VIII metal wherein an organic fluorine compound is added to the vacuum gas oil during hydrotreating and the vacuum gas oil is hydrotreated under hydrogen at a temperature of at least 740.degree. F.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst system comprising a mixture of a first catalyst containing a noble metal component deposed on a refractory inorganic oxide and a second catalyst containing a non-noble metal component deposed on a support containing a refractory inorganic oxide and a crystalline aluminosilicate material, and a reforming method employing such catalyst system are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a phosphorus/vanadium/metal oxide catalyst suitable for the oxidation of butane to maleic anhydride can be prepared by reacting orthophosphoric acid in an aliphatic alcohol and reacting a vanadium compound with an acid and the metal in the aliphatic alcohol to produce the phosphorus/vanadium/metal oxide catalyst.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprising at least one platinum-group metal deposited on a composite comprising (I) alumina and (II) rhenium deposited on silica. The catalyst eliminates the need for presulfiding treatment required by conventional rhenium-promoted catalyst in reforming service, without comparative loss in reforming performance.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas by an absorbent comprising at least one inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, and calcium in association with yttrium or yttrium combined with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium, and dysprosium, wherein the ratio by weight of inorganic oxide or oxides to yttrium or yttrium combined with a rare earth metal or metals is from about 0.1 to about 30,000. Absorbed sulfur oxides are recovered as a sulfur-containing gas by contacting the spent absorbent with a hydrocarbon in the presence of a hydrocarbon cracking catalyst at a temperature from about 375.degree. to about 900.degree. C. The absorbent can be circulated through a fluidized catalytic cracking process together with the hydrocarbon cracking catalyst to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone thereof.

Abstract: There is disclosed a catalyst, which catalyst comprises a physical particle-form mixture of a Component A and a Component B, said Component A comprising one or more Group VIII noble metals and a combined halogen deposed on a refractory inorganic oxide and said Component B comprising a metal from Group IVB or Group VB of the Periodic Table of Elements and a combined halogen deposed on a refractory inorganic oxide. Such catalyst is suitable for use in a hydrocarbon conversion reaction zone.The catalyst can be employed in a process for the reforming of a hydrocarbon stream, which process comprises contacting said stream in a reaction zone under reforming conditions and in the presence of hydrogen with said catalyst. The catalyst is not presulfided. A preferred process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream that contains a substantial amount of sulfur.

Abstract: A method for treating a phyllosilicate mineral by grinding a slurry of particles of the mineral in an organic medium and the product formed thereby are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for sweetening and desulfurizing a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon stream boiling at a temperature less than about 650.degree. F. The process comprises contacting the hydrocarbon stream with an oxidic catalyst at a temperature of about 300 to 650.degree. F. and at a pressure of about 1 to 5 atmospheres. The oxidic catalyst comprises a molecular sieve selected from the group consisting of hydrogen-form molecular sieves and rare-earth-form molecular sieves.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas by an absorbent comprising magnesium oxide in association with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium, and dysprosium, wherein the ratio by weight of inorganic oxide or oxides to rare earth metal or metals is from about 0.1 to about 30,000. Absorbed sulfur oxides are recovered as a sulfur-containing gas comprising hydrogen sulfide by contacting the spent absorbent with a hydrocarbon in the presence of a hydrocarbon cracking catalyst at a temperature from about 375.degree. to about 900.degree. C. The absorbent can be circulated through a fluidized catalytic cracking process together with the hydrocarbon cracking catalyst to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone.