Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a system and method for detecting controlled substances, including without limitation, explosives, chemical agents, drugs, narcotics, and their precursors or byproducts before such substances are used on the general population. Specifically, the present invention is a system and method of analyzing municipal solid waste, or refuse, for the presence of controlled substances.

Abstract: A modified zeolite catalyst composition and process for using the catalyst composition to alkylate toluene (or derivative thereof) with methanol to form e.g. styrene and ethylbenzene (or derivatives thereof) is disclosed. The catalyst composition is exemplified by a type X- or Y-zeolite modified with (1) at least one alkali metal selected from Cs, K, and Rb; (2) at least one metal selected from Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn; and (3) boron and/or phosphorus.

Abstract: A process for converting aromatic carbamates to their corresponding isocyanates by thermolysis at a pressure of at least atmospheric in the presence of a catalyst selected from Ti, Sn, Sb, and Zr is disclosed.

Abstract: A modified zeolite catalyst composition and process for using the catalyst composition to alkylate toluene (or derivative thereof) with methanol to form e.g. styrene and ethylbenzene (or derivatives thereof) is disclosed. The catalyst composition is exemplified by a type X- or Y-zeolite modified with (1) at least one alkali metal selected from Cs, K, and Rb; (2) at least one metal selected from Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn; and (3) boron and/or phosphorus.

Abstract: In the process of producing an aromatic polyisocyanate from a methylated benzene compound having the sequential steps of ammoxidation, hydrolysis, conversion of amide to carbamate, condensation and conversion of polycarbamate ester to polyisocyanate, the improvement of converting said amide to said carbamate in a one-step reaction wherein said amide is reacted with an N-halogenating agent in the presence of alcohol and in a reaction medium having a pH of from neutral to basic and a temperature greater than 40.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for dual demetalling of an oxo product contaminated with cobalt-containing catalyst residues and recovering catalytically active cobalt carbonyls which comprises treating the oxo product in a first zone with an aqueous solution of a cobalt salt of an organic or inorganic acid to extract cobalt carbonyl partially from the oxo product into the aqueous phase containing Co.sup.++ ions to form Co[Co(CO).sub.4 ].sub.2 therein and in a second zone substantially completing the demetalling of the thus treated oxo product by treatment with an aqueous organic or inorganic acid in the presence of air or oxygen to form a Co.sup.++ salt and using the resulting aqueous solution as feed to the first zone; subjecting the aqueous phase obtained from the first zone to preforming in a high pressure preformer under synthesis gas to convert any excess or residual Co.sup.++ salt contained in said aqueous phase to Co[Co(CO).sub.4 ].sub.