Abstract: This invention bridges the gap between bare-block messaging for I/O and exchange messaging for inter-task communication by providing a message make service to make exchange messages from bare-block messages during input and a message unmake service to do the opposite during output. This invention also introduces new capabilities for message broadcasting by using broadcast message exchanges and message multicasting and distributed message assembly by using proxy messages.

Abstract: An operating system uses non-bit aligned test masks to encode compound logical tests within the test mask. Generally, a bit within the test mask will indicate whether the test mask is a bit-aligned test mask or a non-bit-aligned test mask. If the system detects that the test mask in a non-bit-aligned test mask, the system will traverse the test mask to extract bit-aligned sub-masks and perform multi-level logical tests with the bit-aligned sub-masks. Such a system is particularly useful when performing a compound AND-OR logical test involving mutually exclusive event group flags.

Abstract: An operating system uses non-bit aligned test masks to encode compound logical tests within the test mask. Generally, a bit within the test mask will indicate whether the test mask is a bit-aligned test mask or a non-bit-aligned test mask. If the system detects that the test mask in a non-bit-aligned test mask, the system will traverse the test mask to extract bit-aligned sub-masks and perform multi-level logical tests with the bit-aligned sub-masks. Such a system is particularly useful when performing a compound AND-OR logical test involving mutually exclusive event group flags.

Abstract: A system for real-time operating system memory block and message management is disclosed. The real-time operating system enables different processes to migrate an allocated memory block from one type of memory block to another type of memory block, and to reliably release the block back to its correct pool of origin. According to one aspect of the inventive subject matter, a memory management engine allocates memory in a basic type to a first process, and upon a migration request from a second process, convert the allocated memory from the basic type to a message type for the second process. Allocating memory in the basic type can be fast but does not ensure proper release of the memory block to its pool of origin. Converting the basic type to the message type enables the operating system to reliably release the block back to its correct pool of origin from any process.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a primary charge pump and replica charge pump may be coupled to matching control mechanisms and loads. In an embodiment, the replica charge pump may produce an error current originating from charge pump timing mismatches in a steady locked loop state. The error current produced by the replica charge pump may be measured by a difference amplifier to adjust at least one current source to compensate for the error current originating from the timing mismatches. To adjust the current sources, the amplifier may cause the current source to produce an equal but opposite current to cancel the effects of the error current, resulting in a constant output voltage.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a primary charge pump and replica charge pump may be coupled to matching control mechanisms and loads. In an embodiment, the replica charge pump may produce an error current originating from charge pump timing mismatches in a steady locked loop state. The error current produced by the replica charge pump may be measured by a difference amplifier to adjust at least one current source to compensate for the error current originating from the timing mismatches. To adjust the current sources, the amplifier may cause the current source to produce an equal but opposite current to cancel the effects of the error current, resulting in a constant output voltage.

Abstract: Activation systems and methods initiate High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) communication between an HDMI source and an HDMI sink through an HDMI receptacle of the source. These systems and methods are especially suited for use with mobile sources that generally operate from a battery that cannot provide the +5V signal which the HDMI protocol requires sources to place on the +5V pin of their HDMI receptacles. These systems and methods automatically detect the insertion of an HDMI cable into the source's HDMI receptacle and subsequently generate and apply the required +5V signal to the +5V pin of the source's HDMI receptacle to initiate HDMI communication. Because they are directed to use in mobile sources, the embodiments are configured to minimize current drain.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a primary charge pump and replica charge pump may be coupled to matching control mechanisms and loads. In an embodiment, the replica charge pump may produce an error current originating from charge pump timing mismatches in a steady locked loop state. The error current produced by the replica charge pump may be measured by a difference amplifier to adjust at least one current source to compensate for the error current originating from the timing mismatches. To adjust the current sources, the amplifier may cause the current source to produce an equal but opposite current to cancel the effects of the error current, resulting in a constant output voltage.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a primary charge pump and replica charge pump may be coupled to matching control mechanisms and loads. In an embodiment, the replica charge pump may produce an error current originating from charge pump timing mismatches in a steady locked loop state. The error current produced by the replica charge pump may be measured by a difference amplifier to adjust at least one current source to compensate for the error current originating from the timing mismatches. To adjust the current sources, the amplifier may cause the current source to produce an equal but opposite current to cancel the effects of the error current, resulting in a constant output voltage.

Abstract: An intake valve assembly of an internal combustion engine that includes a combustion chamber and an intake passage. The intake valve assembly comprises an intake valve movable into and out of engagement with a valve seat, a reciprocating primary valve tappet, and a secondary valve tappet axially non-movably attached to the primary valve tappet. The intake valve is mounted to the primary valve tappet and axially freely movable relative thereto. The primary valve tappet is configured for axially engaging the first intake valve to limit the axial movement thereof said intake valve away from the valve seat. The secondary valve tappet is configured for axially engaging the intake valve for mechanically moving the intake valve away from the valve seat. The intake valve is further operated fluidly in response to pressure differential between the intake passage and the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An intake valve assembly of an internal combustion engine. The intake valve assembly comprises a primary valve, a secondary valve mounted about the primary valve coaxially therewith, a primary valve spring for normally biasing the primary valve toward a closed position, a secondary valve spring for normally biasing the secondary valve toward a closed position, and a secondary valve lifter fixed to the primary valve and axially spaced from the secondary valve when both the primary and secondary valves are in closed positions. The secondary valve is operated mechanically by the secondary valve lifter and fluidly in response to pressure differential between the intake passage and the combustion chamber. The secondary valve is engageable with the primary valve through the secondary valve lifter after opening of the primary valve. The primary and secondary valve springs are normally contracted for continuously biasing the valves toward the closed position thereof.

Abstract: An intake valve assembly of an internal combustion engine that includes a combustion chamber and an intake passage. The intake valve assembly comprises a primary valve provided to seal against a primary valve seat formed in an intake port, a secondary valve mounted about the primary valve coaxially therewith and provided to seal against a secondary valve seat formed in the intake port, and a secondary valve lifter fixed to the primary valve so as to be axially spaced from the secondary valve when both the primary and secondary valves are in closed positions. The secondary valve is operated mechanically by the secondary valve lifter and fluidly in response to pressure differential between the intake passage and the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Activation systems and methods initiate High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) communication between an HDMI source and an HDMI sink through an HDMI receptacle of the source. These systems and methods are especially suited for use with mobile sources that generally operate from a battery that cannot provide the +5V signal which the HDMI protocol requires sources to place on the +5V pin of their HDMI receptacles. These systems and methods automatically detect the insertion of an HDMI cable into the source's HDMI receptacle and subsequently generate and apply the required +5V signal to the +5V pin of the source's HDMI receptacle to initiate HDMI communication. Because they are directed to use in mobile sources, the embodiments are configured to minimize current drain.

Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of rose plant of the floribunda class, of hardy, sturdy, bushy, much branched habit substantially as illustrated and described, characterized by buds and flowers, basically pink, the bud being pointed in the early stage, opening from light pink center to medium pink on outer petals, with the open flower being double and rounded with 40 or more petals; and further characterized by a plant of compact, vigorous, upright shape with main stems and shoots of less than average thorniness, the said plant being easy to propagate from soft-wood cuttings with an abundance of medium, semi-glossy foliage, the flowers being usually borne in medium clusters on medium length stems. Ralph Moore originated this new and distinct rose at his nursery located in Visalia, Calif., for the approval and subsequent sale to Cottage Hill Nursery of Irvington, Ala., who is now filing this Plant Patent document.

Abstract: An intake valve assembly of an internal combustion engine. The intake valve assembly comprises a primary valve, a secondary valve mounted about the primary valve coaxially therewith, a primary valve spring for normally biasing the primary valve toward a closed position, a secondary valve spring for normally biasing the secondary valve toward a closed position, and a secondary valve lifter fixed to the primary valve and axially spaced from the secondary valve when both the primary and secondary valves are in closed positions. The secondary valve is operated mechanically by the secondary valve lifter and fluidly in response to pressure differential between the intake passage and the combustion chamber. The secondary valve is engageable with the primary valve through the secondary valve lifter after opening of the primary valve. The primary and secondary valve springs are normally contracted for continuously biasing the valves toward the closed position thereof.

Abstract: An intake valve assembly of an internal combustion engine that includes a combustion chamber and an intake passage. The intake valve assembly comprises a primary valve provided to seal against a primary valve seat formed in an intake port, a secondary valve mounted about the primary valve coaxially therewith and provided to seal against a secondary valve seat formed in the intake port, and a secondary valve lifter fixed to the primary valve so as to be axially spaced from the secondary valve when both the primary and secondary valves are in closed positions. The secondary valve is operated mechanically by the secondary valve lifter and fluidly in response to pressure differential between the intake passage and the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Display interface embodiments are provided to capture various types of analog video signals and digitize them for presentation on advanced digital displays (e.g., computer displays and television displays). The embodiments include at least an error converter channel and a reference converter channel that can each amplify an analog input signal S with a fixed gain G and a programmed gain g and convert the amplified signal to a corresponding digital code. The embodiments also include a channel controller that is configured to conduct process steps that adjust the transfer function of the error converter channel to conform to (e.g., matches) the transfer function of the reference converter channel.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine including at least one cylinder having a central axis and a variable ration crankshaft assembly employed to extend a dwell point of a piston and improve connecting rod leverage. The crankshaft assembly comprises a gear set having a gear ratio 1:1 and including a first gear member non-rotatably mounted to an engine block and meshing a second gear member drivingly coupled to an eccentric member rotatably mounted between to a crankpin of the crankshaft assembly and a connecting rod, defining an offset lever extended between axes of rotation of the eccentric member and a lower end of the connecting rod connected to the crankshaft assembly. The eccentric member is positioned on the crankpin so that the offset lever is perpendicular to the central axis when the piston reaches TDC. Such an arrangement allows extending a dwell point of a piston and improving connecting rod leverage, thus increasing efficiency of the mechanical conversion process.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine including at least one cylinder having a central axis and a variable ration crankshaft assembly employed to extend a dwell point of a piston and improve connecting rod leverage. The crankshaft assembly comprises a gear set having a gear ratio 1:1 and including a first gear member non-rotatably mounted to an engine block and meshing a second gear member drivingly coupled to an eccentric member rotatably mounted between to a crankpin of the crankshaft assembly and a connecting rod, defining an offset lever extended between axes of rotation of the eccentric member and a lower end of the connecting rod connected to the crankshaft assembly. The eccentric member is positioned on the crankpin so that the offset lever is perpendicular to the central axis when the piston reaches TDC. Such an arrangement allows extending a dwell point of a piston and improving connecting rod leverage, thus increasing efficiency of the mechanical conversion process.