Abstract: A burner for placement in an airstream that flows in a downstream direction comprising a gas pipe having fuel ports for admitting fuel gas into the airstream, a flame retainer for preventing a flame originating at the manifold from lifting off the fuel ports and moving down the airstream, and a flame shield extending from opposite sides of the gas pipe and away from the gas jet for shielding the flame base from the airstream. The flame shield has a baffle assembly disposed on opposite sides of the gas pipe for forming an air passage for directing a portion of the airstream to flow along the downstream surfaces of the flame shield and flame retainer. In one embodiment of the burner, the baffle assembly directs a first portion of the airstream to flow along the downstream surface of the flame shield toward the flame retainer and directs a second portion of the airstream to flow along the downstream surface of the flame shield and away from the flame retainer.

Abstract: A dual fuel burner for a furnace having a tubular housing with upstream and downstream ends and a coaxially disposed ignition chamber terminating in a discharge opening at the downstream end of the housing. A high volatility fuel is ignited within the ignition chamber and the resulting flame passes through the discharge opening. A plurality of pulverized solid fuel conduits surround the ignition chamber and extend from the upstream end to the downstream end of the housing where they discharge the fuel in close proximity to the discharge opening of the ignition chamber. An air intake supplies air to the downstream end of the housing, and a bulkhead is disposed between the air intake and the upstream end of the housing preventing air from flowing towards the upstream end. The air flowing through the downstream end flows out of the housing in a generally annular pattern between the flame issuing from the discharge opening and the solid fuel discharged from the conduits.

Abstract: A heater for heating gases such as turbine exhaust gases to facilitate the extraction of the heat energy carried by such gases or flue gases to reduce their corrosiveness. The heater is defined by burners installed on walls of the duct through which the gases flow. The burner can be operated with heavy fuel oil and normally uses no more primary air than is necessary to ignite the fuel oil atomized by the burner and sustain a flame. The flame is relatively long and narrow and is directed transversely to the gas flow into the duct. Upstream of the burner is a shield to protect the flame from the gas flow. The shield communicates with a register which collects an amount of gas sufficient to provide the balance of the combustion oxygen to fully combust all fuel. From the register the gas flows along inclined passages to the side of the shield facing the flame, the passages directing the gas in the direction of the flame and at an oblique angle in regard thereto.

Abstract: A heater for heating gases such as turbine exhaust gases to facilitate the extraction of the heat energy carried by such gases or flue gases to reduce their corrosiveness. The heater is defined by burners installed on walls of the duct through which the gases flow. The burner can be operated with heavy fuel oil and normally uses no more primary air than is necessary to ignite the fuel oil atomized by the burner and sustain a flame. The flame is relatively long and narrow and is directed transversely to the gas flow into the duct. Upstream of the burner is a shield to protect the flame from the gas flow. The shield communicates with a register which collects an amount of gas sufficient to provide the balance of the combustion oxygen to fully combust all fuel. From the register the gas flows along inclined passages to the side of the shield facing the flame, the passages directing the gas in the direction of the flame and at an oblique angle in regard thereto.

Abstract: A high efficiency liquid fuel atomizing nozzle for use in conjunction with industrial furnaces is described which employs a pressurized gas such as steam for supplying the atomizing energy. The nozzle typically has a plurality of discharge ports and defines, on its interior, a pressurized fuel compartment and a pressurized steam chamber. A core stream of steam is flowed from the steam chamber along an axis obliquely inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle to each port. Liquid fuel from the fuel compartment is flowed towards each core stream and divided substantially equally into a number of fuel branch flows which equals the number of core streams. Each branch flow is then brought generally tangentially into contact with the associated core stream so as to form a substantially homogenous, annular fuel stream which surrounds the core stream.

Abstract: A burner which has a central liquid fuel atomizing nozzle is disclosed. An inner member defines a steam chamber and is surrounded by a shell that defines a liquid fuel compartment. A conduit extends from the steam chamber forming a steam core flow. A first passage feeds liquid fuel about the steam core flow to form an annular liquid fuel stream thereabout. A second passage forms an outer steam flow which envelops the annular liquid fuel flow. The burner further includes ducts to form a first combustion airflow co-axially about the nozzle, a second combustion airflow which surrounds the first flow, and a third combustion airflow which envelops the second flow and generally protects the furnace wall from coming into contact with the flame generated by the burner.

Abstract: A heater for heating gases such as turbine exhaust gases to facilitate the extraction of the heat energy carried by such gases or flue gases to reduce their corrosiveness. The heater is defined by burners installed on walls of the duct through which the gases flow. The burner can be operated with heavy fuel oil and uses no more primary air than is necessary to ignite the fuel oil atomized by the burner and sustain a flame. The flame is relatively long and narrow and is directed transversely to the gas flow into the duct. Upstream of the burner is a shield to protect the flame from the gas flow. The shield communicates with a register which collects an amount of gas sufficient to provide the balance of the combustion oxygen to fully combust all fuel. From the register the gas flows along inclined passages to the side of the shield facing the flame, the passages directing the gas in the direction of the flame and at an oblique angle in regard thereto.

Abstract: A low pressure burner capable of generating a relatively long narrow flame is disclosed. A rotationally symmetric chamber is open at each end. Air is forced through the chamber at low pressure, generally no greater than about 0.3 lbs. per square inch above ambient. An atomizer is located in the chamber and expels a combustible mixture out through the downstream end of the chamber. The mixture expelled by the atomizer of the present invention has a distribution which is not rotationally symmetric about the chamber axis. The atomizer utilizes low pressure air provided at no greater than about 4.5 lbs. per square inch above ambient. A flame throat is located at the downstream end of the chamber, and includes at least two axially spaced steps to induce and control eddy formation in the mixture. The nonsymmetric mixture distribution and the multistep chamber combine to provide a long, narrow, stable flame in the throat at relatively low inlet air pressures.