Abstract: Compounds of formula I: ##STR1## wherein: R1 is hydrogen or alkyl;R2 is alkyl optionally substituted by one or more alkoxy groups or halogen atoms;X is a group of formula --OR3 wherein R3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, or arylalkyl; or X is a group of formula --NHCVR4 wherein V is oxygen or sulphur, R4 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl (which alkyl and cycloalkyl groups may be substituted), alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, amino, mono- or di-alkylamino or a group of the formula --OR5 wherein R5 is optionally substituted alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl; or X is a group of formula --NHSO.sub.2 R4a wherein R4a is alkyl, aryl or a group of formula --CH.sub.2 COR4b wherein R4b is alkyl or aryl;Y is optionally substituted alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, arylalkoxy or a group of formula --NR6R7 wherein R6 is hydrogen or alkyl and R7 is alkyl, cycloalkyl (which alkyl and cycloalkyl groups may be substituted), aryl or arylalkyl or R7 is a group of formula --COOR8 wherein R8 is alkyl are useful intermediates in the synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I: ##STR1## wherein: R1 is hydrogen or alkyl;R2 is alkyl optionally substituted by one or more alkoxy groups or halogen atoms;X is a group of formula --OR3 wherein R3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, or arylalkyl; or X is a group of formula --NHCVR4 wherein V is oxygen or sulphur, R4 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl (which alkyl and cycloalkyl groups may be substituted), alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, amino, mono- or di-alkylamino or a group of the formula --OR5 wherein R5 is optionally substituted alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl; or X is a group of formula --NHSO.sub.2 R4a wherein R4a is alkyl, aryl or a group of formula --CH.sub.2 COR4b wherein R4b is alkyl or aryl;Y is optionally substituted alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, arylalkoxy or a group of formula --NR6R7 wherein R6 is hydrogen or alkyl and R7 is alkyl, cycloalkyl (which alkyl and cycloalkyl groups may be substituted), aryl or arylalkyl or R7 is a group of formula --COOR8 wherein R8 is alkyl are useful intermediates in the synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: R1 is alkyl, cycloalkyl (which alkyl and cycloalkyl groups may be substituted) aryl, arylalkyl or silyl (bearing alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl substituents);R2 is hydrogen or alkyl;R3 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl (which alkyl and cycloalkyl groups may be substituted), alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, amino, mono--or di--alkylamino or a group of the formula --OR5 wherein R5 is optionally substituted alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl;R4 is alkyl optionally substituted by one or more alkoxy groups or halogen atoms;Y is optionally substituted alkoxy or cycloalkoxy, arylalkoxy or a group of formula --NR6R7 wherein R6 is hydrogen or alkyl and R7 is alkyl, cycloalkyl (which alkyl and cycloalkyl groups may be substituted), aryl or arylalkyl or R7 is a group of formula --COOR8 is alkyl or arylalkyl, which are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics, particularly carbapenems, and to a process for the manufacture of the said compounds.

Abstract: This invention concerns novel (4-substituted-2-phenylcyclohexyl)alkenoic and alkanoic acid derivatives of the formula I wherein one of Ra and Rb is hydrogen, hydroxy, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy, (3-6C)alkenyloxy or phenyl(1-4C)alkoxy and the other of Ra and Rb is hydrogen, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy or (3-6C)alkenyloxy; or Ra and Rb together form a (2-4C)alkylenedioxy or oxo group; benzene ring X optionally bears a substituent selected from halogeno, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy, hydroxy, (2-6C)alkanoyloxy, (1-6C)alkanoylamino, trifluoromethyl and nitro; n is 3-5; Y is ethylene or vinylene; and in the cyclohexane ring, the substituents at positions 1 and 2 have cis- or trans-relative stereochemistry; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, (1-6C)alkyl esters and (1-6C)alkanesulphonamides thereof. The compounds of formula I possess valuable pharmacological properties of use in medicines.

Abstract: Pulp sheet take-off apparatus which allows removal of drum valve parts from existing high vacuum rotary drum filters and significantly increases the production capability of existing and newly designed high vacuum rotary drum filters includes an enclosed take-off chamber that is mounted immediately adjacent and parallel to the face of the filter drum on the descending side thereof, the chamber being connected by piping to the filter drum barometric leg or other subatmospheric pressure source as a means of maintaining subatmospheric pressure in the chamber equal to or less than the internal pressure of the filter drum.

Abstract: A guillotine damper for a duct is provided with a thrust frame upstream of the path of a blade that is movable into and out of an operative position in sealing engagement with a seat downstream of the blade path when the flow path is not obstructed by the blade and in sealing engagement with and seating the blade against the seat when the blade is positioned to block the duct. Devices are provided with each utilizing resilient components to thrust the frame into its sealing positions and a hydraulic component to retract the frame when the blade is to be moved into or out of its duct blocking position. Each device exerts the force of either component to the frame through a series of mechanical elements spaced a substantial distance apart along the sides of the frames and connected thereto.