Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for monitoring the operation of a boiling water nuclear reactor for the occurrence of a superheated condition. The invention provides redundant monitoring of the level of coolant water in the reactor independently of existing water level gauges. A closed system vapor pressure device, located outside the reactor, probes the temperature of the reactor steam. The temperature of the steam determines the internal vapor pressure developed in the device, the latter being directly compared, externally of the reactor, to the steam pressure in the reactor vessel. The differential between the compared pressures is an indication of a superheated reactor condition and, hence, of a low water level in the vessel.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled electrical transformer with a disc or flat coil transformer winding conventionally has vertical cooling ducts at both coil edges for upward flow of coolant by natural circulation. Higher winding ratings are obtained by mounting staggered partial flow barrier inserts in the vertical cooling ducts to force a small radial flow of coolant between the individual coils for improved heat transfer without excessively reducing the coolant flow rate.