Patents by Inventor Ramakrishna Kakarala
Ramakrishna Kakarala has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Publication number: 20230087541Abstract: A method and apparatus for embedding a digital watermark in image content that is not visible to the human eye is performed on single-sensor digital camera images (often called ‘raw’ images) from a pixel-array. The raw image is transformed to generate preprocessed image coefficients, a watermark message is encrypted using a first key; the encrypted watermark message is randomized using a second key to form a watermark; and the watermark is embedded in randomly selected preprocessed image coefficients.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 17, 2021Publication date: March 23, 2023Inventors: Wenshou Chen, Guansong Liu, Boyd Fowler, Ramakrishna Kakarala, Yiyi Ren
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Patent number: 11144746Abstract: A fingerprint sensing apparatus with in-sensor fingerprint enrollment and verification. The sensing apparatus includes a fingerprint sensor configured to generate sensor data in response to user contact with a sensing region and a processing system operable in at least a first mode and a second mode. When operating in the first mode, the processing system is configured to detect a fingerprint of the user based on the sensor data. When operating in the second mode, the processing system is configured to process gesture inputs based on the sensor data. In some implementations, while operating in the second mode, the processing system may selectively authenticate the user based on the gesture inputs and enable the user to enroll or manage fingerprints on the sensing apparatus when the user is authenticated.Type: GrantFiled: March 17, 2020Date of Patent: October 12, 2021Assignee: SYNAPTICS INCORPORATEDInventors: Kio Kim, Ramakrishna Kakarala, Marcia Tsuchiya
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Publication number: 20210295012Abstract: A fingerprint sensing apparatus with in-sensor fingerprint enrollment and verification. The sensing apparatus includes a fingerprint sensor configured to generate sensor data in response to user contact with a sensing region and a processing system operable in at least a first mode and a second mode. When operating in the first mode, the processing system is configured to detect a fingerprint of the user based on the sensor data. When operating in the second mode, the processing system is configured to process gesture inputs based on the sensor data. In some implementations, while operating in the second mode, the processing system may selectively authenticate the user based on the gesture inputs and enable the user to enroll or manage fingerprints on the sensing apparatus when the user is authenticated.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 17, 2020Publication date: September 23, 2021Inventors: Kio KIM, Ramakrishna KAKARALA, Marcia TSUCHIYA
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Patent number: 9324159Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for tracking the motion of a device across a surface. The method repeats the following steps: (a) acquiring, using the device, an input image showing an input area of the surface; (b) comparing the input image to a plurality of current reference images to estimate the displacement between the input image and each current reference image; (c) deciding whether to update each current reference image based on the displacements estimated in step (b), and if said decision is positive, updating the current reference image to form an updated reference image; and (d) determining, based on the displacements, the motion of the device across the surface from an area shown in a previously acquired image to the input area. The previously acquired image may be a previously acquired input image or one of the current reference images.Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 2012Date of Patent: April 26, 2016Assignee: Nanyang Technological UniversityInventor: Ramakrishna Kakarala
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Patent number: 9052759Abstract: Embodiments of an apparatus are described. In one embodiment, the apparatus is an optical navigation circuit. In particular, the optical navigation circuit may be part of an optical navigation device. The optical navigation circuit includes an image sensor, dynamic reconfiguration logic, and a digital signal processor. The image sensor includes a pixel array to generate a plurality of electrical signals corresponding to incident light at the pixel array. The dynamic reconfiguration logic is coupled to the image sensor. The dynamic reconfiguration logic is configured to receive the plurality of electrical signals from the pixel array and to generate a plurality of reconfigured electrical signals based on the plurality of electrical signals from the pixel array. The digital signal processor is coupled to the dynamic reconfiguration logic. The digital signal processor is configured to receive the plurality of reconfigured electrical signals from the dynamic reconfiguration logic.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 2007Date of Patent: June 9, 2015Assignee: Avago Technologies General IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Ramakrishna Kakarala, Annette C. Grot, David W. Dolfi
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Patent number: 8913232Abstract: Two or more spatial filters are used in determining velocity based on speckle translation. A light source may be turned on, turned off, or both for a variable amount of time during operation. The velocity may then be determined with trend identification, correlation, recursive frequency estimation, or measurement bandwidth variation. A confidence level may also be calculated for the measured velocity, and the measured velocity reported or used only when the calculated confidence level meets or exceeds a given value.Type: GrantFiled: November 23, 2009Date of Patent: December 16, 2014Assignee: Avago Technologies General IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Susan Hunter, Charles D. Hoke, Ramakrishna Kakarala, John S. Wenstrand
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Publication number: 20140161320Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for tracking the motion of a device across a surface. The method repeats the following steps: (a) acquiring, using the device, an input image showing an input area of the surface; (b) comparing the input image to a plurality of current reference images to estimate the displacement between the input image and each current reference image; (c) deciding whether to update each current reference image based on the displacements estimated in step (b), and if said decision is positive, updating the current reference image to form an updated reference image; and (d) determining, based on the displacements, the motion of the device across the surface from an area shown in a previously acquired image to the input area. The previously acquired image may be a previously acquired input image or one of the current reference images.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 16, 2012Publication date: June 12, 2014Applicant: Nanyang Technological UniversityInventor: Ramakrishna Kakarala
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Patent number: 8279179Abstract: An a data input system includes an encoded pad having position encoding and a data input device adapted to image a portion of the encoded pad to determine position and orientation of the data input device relative to the encoded pad. The encoding pad includes a plurality of correlation windows. Each correlation window includes a primary encoding marker in form of vertical line segment and a set of secondary encoding markers in form of diagonal line segments, at least one diagonal line segment intersecting the vertical line segment at an intersection angle. Spacing of the diagonal line segments encodes the X-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Intersection angle encodes the Y-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Angle of the primary encoding marker vertical line segment within the frame of the captured image encodes the angular orientation of the input device relative to the axes of the encoded pad.Type: GrantFiled: June 3, 2009Date of Patent: October 2, 2012Assignee: Avago Technologies ECBU IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Richard L. Baer, Ramakrishna Kakarala, Dietrich W. Vook, Xuemei Zhang, Izhak Baharav, Paul L. Corredoura
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Patent number: 8264461Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the position of a screen pointer includes an at least partially coherent light source for illuminating an imaging surface, thereby generating reflected images. The apparatus includes a navigation sensor for generating digital images based on the reflected images, performing a movement computation based on the digital images, generating movement data based on the movement computation that is indicative of relative motion between the imaging surface and the apparatus, wherein the movement computation has a low sensitivity to effects in the digital images caused by particle contamination.Type: GrantFiled: April 1, 2008Date of Patent: September 11, 2012Assignee: Avago Technologies ECBU IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Michael J. Brosnan, Ramakrishna Kakarala, Roopinder Singh Grewal, Mark M. Butterworth, Vincent C. Moyer, Tong Xie, Marshall T. Depue
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Patent number: 7974489Abstract: An optical imaging system with dynamic buffer management is described. Embodiments of the optical imaging system include an image sensor, a buffer, and a buffer mode controller. The image sensor includes a pixel array to read out a plurality of pixel lines for a frame of an image. The buffer is configured to store a plurality of buffer values corresponding to a plurality of pixel values for each of the pixel lines. The buffer mode controller is configured to dynamically switch between an accumulation mode and an averaging mode. The accumulation mode facilitates a computation of each buffer value according to a sum value of the corresponding pixel value and a corresponding previous buffer value. The averaging mode facilitates a computation of each buffer value according to an average value of a normalized value of the corresponding pixel value and the corresponding previous buffer value.Type: GrantFiled: May 30, 2007Date of Patent: July 5, 2011Assignee: Avago Technologies ECBU IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Ramakrishna Kakarala, Alexander C. Schneider
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Patent number: 7969410Abstract: Apparatus and method of optically detecting click events are described. Images of a contact surface are captured at respective capture times. The captured images are convolved with a two-dimensional circularly symmetric spatial bandpass filter to produce corresponding filtered images each including a set of pixels with respective pixel value magnitudes. Based on the pixel value magnitudes of the corresponding filtered images, each of the capture times is assigned to one of an in-contact time class during which the contact surface is determined to be in-contact with a user's finger and an out-of-contact time class during which the contact surface is determined to be out-of-contact with the user's finger. A select signal indicating that the contact surface has been touched to make a selection is generated based on a click event predicate defining at least one condition on the time classes respectively assigned to successive ones of the capture times.Type: GrantFiled: August 23, 2006Date of Patent: June 28, 2011Assignee: Avago Technologies General IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.Inventor: Ramakrishna Kakarala
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Patent number: 7737947Abstract: A system, method, and device for tracking motion across a surface by creating an interference pattern by reflecting light from the surface. There is produced, as a result of sensor moving across the surface, at least one signal pattern corresponding to a detection of a dimension of the interference pattern. This detected dimension is associated with an assumed dimensional value to determine a distance traveled by the sensor.Type: GrantFiled: October 16, 2003Date of Patent: June 15, 2010Assignee: Avago Technologies ECBU IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Dale W. Schroeder, Marshall T. DePue, Ramakrishna Kakarala, Tong Xie, Gregory D. VanWiggeren
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Publication number: 20100066680Abstract: Two or more spatial filters are used in determining velocity based on speckle translation. A light source may be turned on, turned off, or both for a variable amount of time during operation. The velocity may then be determined with trend identification, correlation, recursive frequency estimation, or measurement bandwidth variation. A confidence level may also be calculated for the measured velocity, and the measured velocity reported or used only when the calculated confidence level meets or exceeds a given value.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 23, 2009Publication date: March 18, 2010Applicant: Avago Technologies General IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Susan Hunter, Charles D. Hoke, Ramakrishna Kakarala, John S. Wenstrand
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Patent number: 7646373Abstract: Two or more spatial filters are used in determining velocity based on speckle translation. A light source may be turned on, turned off, or both for a variable amount of time during operation. The velocity may then be determined with trend identification, correlation, recursive frequency estimation, or measurement bandwidth variation. A confidence level may also be calculated for the measured velocity, and the measured velocity reported or used only when the calculated confidence level meets or exceeds a given value.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 2004Date of Patent: January 12, 2010Assignee: Avago Technologies General IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Susan Hunter, Charles D. Hoke, Ramakrishna Kakarala, John S. Wenstrand
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Patent number: 7613329Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the position of a screen pointer includes a light source for illuminating an imaging surface, thereby generating reflected images. The apparatus includes a navigation sensor for generating digital images based on the reflected images, detecting defective pixel locations in the digital images, and generating movement data based on the digital images that is indicative of relative motion between the imaging surface and the apparatus.Type: GrantFiled: March 8, 2004Date of Patent: November 3, 2009Assignee: Avago Technologies ECBU IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Roopinder Singh Grewal, Ramakrishna Kakarala
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Publication number: 20090237274Abstract: An a data input system includes an encoded pad having position encoding and a data input device adapted to image a portion of the encoded pad to determine position and orientation of the data input device relative to the encoded pad. The encoding pad includes a plurality of correlation windows. Each correlation window includes a primary encoding marker in form of vertical line segment and a set of secondary encoding markers in form of diagonal line segments, at least one diagonal line segment intersecting the vertical line segment at an intersection angle. Spacing of the diagonal line segments encodes the X-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Intersection angle encodes the Y-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Angle of the primary encoding marker vertical line segment within the frame of the captured image encodes the angular orientation of the input device relative to the axes of the encoded pad.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 3, 2009Publication date: September 24, 2009Applicant: AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES ECBU IP (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD.Inventors: Richard L. Baer, Ramakrishna Kakarala, Dietrich W. Vook, Xuemei Zhang, Izhak Baharav, Paul L. Corredoura
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Patent number: 7567341Abstract: A technique for adapting an optical navigation device for navigation on a transparent structure such as a glass plate involves establishing a navigation window for navigation tracking, detecting reflected light within the navigation window, generating an output signal in response to the detected light, and adjusting a characteristic of the navigation window in response to the output signal. An optical navigation device includes an illumination system configured to output light, an image sensor configured to generate an output signal related to a detected portion of the light, and a transparent structure adapter module configured to adjust a navigation window of the image sensor in response to the output signal to adapt the optical navigation device for use directly on an opaque surface or for use on a transparent structure that is located between the optical navigation device and the opaque surface.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 2007Date of Patent: July 28, 2009Assignee: Avago Technologies ECBU IP (Singapore) Pte. ltd.Inventors: David W. Dolfi, Ramakrishna Kakarala, Annette Claire Grot
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Patent number: 7557799Abstract: An a data input system includes an encoded pad having position encoding and a data input device adapted to image a portion of the encoded pad to determine position and orientation of the data input device relative to the encoded pad. The encoding pad includes a plurality of correlation windows. Each correlation window includes a primary encoding marker in form of vertical line segment and a set of secondary encoding markers in form of diagonal line segments, at least one diagonal line segment intersecting the vertical line segment at an intersection angle. Spacing of the diagonal line segments encodes the X-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Intersection angle encodes the Y-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Angle of the primary encoding marker vertical line segment within the frame of the captured image encodes the angular orientation of the input device relative to the axes of the encoded pad.Type: GrantFiled: June 17, 2004Date of Patent: July 7, 2009Assignee: Avago Technologies ECBU IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Richard L. Baer, Ramakrishna Kakarala, Dietrich W. Vook, Xuemei Zhang, Izhak Baharav, Paul L. Corredoura
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Publication number: 20080298696Abstract: An optical imaging system with dynamic buffer management is described. Embodiments of the optical imaging system include an image sensor, a buffer, and a buffer mode controller. The image sensor includes a pixel array to read out a plurality of pixel lines for a frame of an image. The buffer is configured to store a plurality of buffer values corresponding to a plurality of pixel values for each of the pixel lines. The buffer mode controller is configured to dynamically switch between an accumulation mode and an averaging mode. The accumulation mode facilitates a computation of each buffer value according to a sum value of the corresponding pixel value and a corresponding previous buffer value. The averaging mode facilitates a computation of each buffer value according to an average value of a normalized value of the corresponding pixel value and the corresponding previous buffer value.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 30, 2007Publication date: December 4, 2008Inventors: Ramakrishna Kakarala, Alexander C. Schneider
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Patent number: 7460688Abstract: A digital image sensor comprising an array of pixels and a processor is provided. The array of pixels comprises a current pixel in a first color plane that is configured to produce a current sensor value, a first plurality of pixels in the first color plane that is configured to produce a first plurality of sensor values, and a second plurality of pixels in the second color plane that is configured to produce a second plurality of sensor values. The processor is configured to generate a plurality of estimate values using the first plurality of sensor values and a plurality of intensity ratios associated with the second plurality of sensor values, and the processor is configured to determine whether the current pixel is defective using the plurality of estimate values and the current sensor value.Type: GrantFiled: December 9, 2004Date of Patent: December 2, 2008Assignee: Aptina Imaging CorporationInventors: John H. Stanback, Xuemei Zhang, Ramakrishna Kakarala, Bond Yu Pong Ying