Abstract: The present invention comprises methods and systems to profile individual chromosomes using target-specific DNA probes in biological samples. The invention relates to generation of chromosome profiles either singly or in combination (multiplex). The invention can refer to the generation of chromosome profiles using target-specific DNA probes for various biological samples such as cell free DNA from the peripheral blood of a pregnant woman or from a cancer patient. The invention further involving generation of chromosome profiles using target-specific DNA probes for individual intact cells from the peripheral blood of a pregnant woman, from a cancer patient or from an embryo created using artificial reproductive technologies. The invention further involving detection of target-specific DNA hybridizations through direct fluorescence by special spectral filters or fluorescence intensity by fluorimeters.

Abstract: A method for tracking specific in situ hybridizations in biological samples using molecular barcodes is disclosed. Present invention specifically addresses the in suspension in situ hybridization protocols and makes it possible to track a mixed sample processed on a high throughput flow cytometer. Since the DNA probes selected for the molecular barcodes are naturally existing sequences on the chromosomes, each cell will have two copies of the molecular barcode as opposed to the single barcode provided by the other systems. Tracking is accomplished by following the florescence patterns emitted by the two, three, four or five fluorescent tags attached to the DNA probes. Alternatively, colorimetric system can be used for tracking by employing non-fluorescent tags and subsequent specific enzyme-substrate reactions.

Abstract: The present invention comprises methods and systems to profile individual chromosomes using target-specific DNA probes in biological samples. The invention relates to generation of chromosome profiles either singly or in combination (multiplex). The invention can refer to the generation of chromosome profiles using target-specific DNA probes for various biological samples such as cell free DNA from the peripheral blood of a pregnant woman or from a cancer patient. The invention further involving generation of chromosome profiles using target-specific DNA probes for individual intact cells from the peripheral blood of a pregnant woman, from a cancer patient or from an embryo created using artificial reproductive technologies. The invention further involving detection of target-specific DNA hybridizations through direct fluorescence by special spectral filters or fluorescence intensity by fluorimeters.

Abstract: A method for tracking specific in situ hybridizations in biological samples using molecular barcodes is disclosed. Present invention specifically addresses the in suspension in situ hybridization protocols and makes it possible to track a mixed sample processed on a high throughput flow cytometer. Since the DNA probes selected for the molecular barcodes are naturally existing sequences on the chromosomes, each cell will have two copies of the molecular barcode as opposed to the single barcode provided by the other systems. Tracking is accomplished by following the florescence patterns emitted by the two, three, four or five fluorescent tags attached to the DNA probes. Alternatively, colorimetric system can be used for tracking by employing non-fluorescent tags and subsequent specific enzyme-substrate reactions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating an Interphase chromosome profile. The method comprises obtaining a sample containing cells having chromosomes for profiling; obtaining species specific DNA probes, wherein the DNA probes are capable of marking at least one chromosome at substantially equidistant locations on said chromosome; hybridizing the sample with the DNA probes with plurality of fluorescent labels; and using visual analysis for determining the profile of the chromosome.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating an Interphase chromosome profile. The method comprises obtaining a sample containing cells having chromosomes for profiling; obtaining species specific DNA probes, wherein the DNA probes are capable of marking at least one chromosome at substantially equidistant locations on said chromosome; hybridizing the sample with the DNA probes with plurality of fluorescent labels; and using visual analysis for determining the profile of the chromosome.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating an Interphase chromosome profile. The method comprises obtaining a sample containing cells having chromosomes for profiling; obtaining species specific DNA probes, wherein the DNA probes are capable of marking at least one chromosome at substantially equidistant locations on said chromosome; hybridizing the sample with the DNA probes; using a plurality of enzymes to produce differential color bands on the chromosome for colorimetric analysis of the sample; and using visual analysis for determining the profile of the chromosome.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating an Interphase chromosome profile. The method comprises obtaining a sample containing cells having chromosomes for profiling; obtaining species specific DNA probes, wherein the DNA probes are capable of marking at least one chromosome at substantially equidistant locations on said chromosome; hybridizing the sample with the DNA probes; using a plurality of enzymes to produce differential color bands on the chromosome for calorimetric analysis of the sample; and using visual analysis for determining the profile of the chromosome.