Abstract: Guard bed compositions for protecting metal surfaces in a wellbore from corrosion may comprise a variety of constituent components. Exemplary guard bed compositions may include: one or more surfactants selected from the group comprising amine surfactants; one or more co-surfactants selected from the group comprising C3 to C15 alcohols; and one or more non-surfactant amines. Other exemplary guard bed compositions may comprise: a hydrocarbon fluid and an overbased detergent. Still other exemplary guard bed compositions may comprise: a hydrocarbon fluid; one or more surfactants; one or more co-surfactants; and one or more non-surfactant amines. The one or more surfactants may be selected from the group comprising alkyl alkoxylated surfactants. Still further, exemplary guard bed compositions may comprise: a hydrocarbon fluid and one or more associating surface active polymers selected from the group comprising amphiphilic polymers.

Abstract: Guard bed compositions for protecting metal surfaces in a wellbore from corrosion may comprise a variety of constituent components. Exemplary guard bed compositions may include: one or more surfactants selected from the group comprising amine surfactants; one or more co-surfactants selected from the group comprising C3 to C15 alcohols; and one or more non-surfactant amines. Other exemplary guard bed compositions may comprise: a hydrocarbon fluid and an overbased detergent. Still other exemplary guard bed compositions may comprise: a hydrocarbon fluid; one or more surfactants; one or more co-surfactants; and one or more non-surfactant amines. The one or more surfactants may be selected from the group comprising alkyl alkoxylated surfactants. Still further, exemplary guard bed compositions may comprise: a hydrocarbon fluid and one or more associating surface active polymers selected from the group comprising amphiphilic polymers.

Abstract: Guard bed compositions for protecting metal surfaces in a wellbore from corrosion may comprise a variety of constituent components. Exemplary guard bed compositions may include: one or more surfactants selected from the group comprising amine surfactants; one or more co-surfactants selected from the group comprising C3 to C15 alcohols; and one or more non-surfactant amines. Other exemplary guard bed compositions may comprise: a hydrocarbon fluid and an overbased detergent. Still other exemplary guard bed compositions may comprise: a hydrocarbon fluid; one or more surfactants; one or more co-surfactants; and one or more non-surfactant amines. The one or more surfactants may be selected from the group comprising alkyl alkoxylated surfactants. Still further, exemplary guard bed compositions may comprise: a hydrocarbon fluid and one or more associating surface active polymers selected from the group comprising amphiphilic polymers.

Abstract: Guard bed compositions for protecting metal surfaces in a wellbore from corrosion may comprise a variety of constituent components. Exemplary guard bed compositions may include: one or more surfactants selected from the group comprising amine surfactants; one or more co-surfactants selected from the group comprising C3 to C15 alcohols; and one or more non-surfactant amines. Other exemplary guard bed compositions may comprise: a hydrocarbon fluid and an overbased detergent. Still other exemplary guard bed compositions may comprise: a hydrocarbon fluid; one or more surfactants; one or more co-surfactants; and one or more non-surfactant amines. The one or more surfactants may be selected from the group comprising alkyl alkoxylated surfactants. Still further, exemplary guard bed compositions may comprise: a hydrocarbon fluid and one or more associating surface active polymers selected from the group comprising amphiphilic polymers.

Abstract: A method for separating polar hydrocarbon compounds from a hydrocarbon oil containing polar hydrocarbon compounds comprising the steps of: a) forming a gel in the hydrocarbon oil, and thereafter b) separating the gel from the hydrocarbon oil to produce a separated gel and a separated hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of generating a basic water-in-oil emulsion for use in recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation. The emulsion may be used to displace hydrocarbons from the formation. The emulsions used are ‘basic’ in the sense that they do not have added surfactants and are not solid-stabilized. The emulsions are made using a hydrocarbon having at least one of the following properties: (i) greater than five weight percent (wt %) asphaltene content, (ii) greater than two wt % sulfur content, and (iii) less than 22 dyne/cm interfacial tension between the hydrocarbon liquid and the aqueous liquid.

Abstract: Lubricating oil used for the lubrication of engines run on biodiesel fuels are improved in their resistance to oxidation, sludge and deposits formation by the addition to said lubricating oil of detergent to increase the TBN of the lubricating oil or the addition of organic bases.

Abstract: Saline waters are made suitable for use in large quantities in petroleum refining operations by evaporative desalination of a water source having a dissolved salt content of at least 30,000 ppmw with the heat liberated during the steam condensation used as low quality heat for petroleum refining operations. Sea water is most suitable for evaporative purification processes.

Abstract: Fine, solid particles in a gas stream, especially fly ash particles in the hot gas stream from a coal/coke-utilizing synthesis gas unit, are agglomerated by passage through a gas flow matrix element having a body with confined gas flow channels which bring the particles into close proximity to one another in an environment of low turbulence; a rough surface on the gas flow passages provides surface induction to promote agglomeration of the particles. The larger, agglomerated particles may then be removed from the gas stream by inertial separators such as cyclones.

Abstract: A method is provided for enhancing the shear stability of a high-viscosity fluid-water flow system, such as a core annular flow system. The method employs a family of demulsifier additives for maintaining separation of the fluids in biphasic flow. The additive family is sodium salts of polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acids. In one aspect, the high-viscosity fluid is heavy oil. A method of transporting heavy oil through a tubular body is also provided. The method includes pumping the heavy oil through the tubular body within an annular flow of water, and subjecting the water in the tubular body to a salt of a polynuclear, aromatic sulfonic acid additive so as to improve shear stability of the heavy oil and water.

Abstract: Fluids for use in hydrocarbon recovery operations include a non-aqueous fluid and at least one organo-anionic surfactant. The fluids may be used in methods for conducting hydrocarbon recovery operations, such as drilling operations, completion operations, production operations, injection operations. The fluid may be adapted to remediate a NAF filter cake. Exemplary organo-anionic surfactants may include one or more of monoethanol ammonium alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid, monoethanol ammonium alkyl carboxylic acid, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Fluids for use in hydrocarbon recovery operations include water and at least one organo-anionic surfactant. The fluids may be used in methods for conducting hydrocarbon recovery operations, such as drilling operations, completion operations, production operations, injection operations. The fluid may be adapted to remediate a NAF filter cake. Exemplary organo-anionic surfactants may include one or more of monoethanol ammonium alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid, monoethanol ammonium alkyl carboxylic acid, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The feeding of coal slurries into a gasifier for the production of synthesis gas is improved by modifying the rheological properties of the coal particles so that conventional liquid transfer equipment can be used in the feed transfer process to the gasifier. The coal particle surface modification is accomplished by adsorbing asphaltenes derived from petroleum onto the surfaces of coal particles prior to and/or during contact with the slurry liquid. The coal particles with their surfaces thus modified exhibit lower particle-particle interaction in the liquid slurries to form a shear independent Newtonian fluid or a weakly shear thickening pseudoplastic fluid. The rheological properties of the slurries permit them to be transported reliably into a pressurized, entrained feed gasifier vessel using convention slurry pumps with a low potential expenditure of energy.

Abstract: Provided are oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsion compositions including from 0.01 to 5 wt % of a halogenated elastomer emulsifier, and optionally from to 0.5 wt % of a polyalkylene amine co-emulsifier. The emulsion compositions disclosed herein provide for increased interfacial elasticity and decreased interfacial tension at the oil-water interface to increase resistance to coalescence of dispersed water droplets of a water-in-oil emulsion or oil droplets of an oil-in-water emulsion. The emulsion compositions disclosed herein are suitable for lubricant applications due to their resistance to shear thinning.

Abstract: A process for the separation of production fluids is provided. The production fluids comprise an oil/water emulsion stabilized with fine solids. The emulsion may further comprise asphaltenes and naphthenic acids and resins. The process includes subjecting the emulsion to a flocculating agent to flocculate solids within the emulsion, and separating water and solids from crude oil in a first separator. The process further includes subjecting the separated crude oil to a demulsifier after subjecting the emulsion to a flocculating agent, and further separating water from the crude oil in a second separator. A process for producing fluids from a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir is also provided, using the separation processes herein.

Abstract: A method of demulsifying a water-in-oil emulsion is provided. The method includes treating a volume of fluids comprising oil and water by adding a salt of a polynuclear, aromatic sulfonic acid to the fluids so as to cause the oil and water to be at least partially demulsified. The method may further include separating water and oil in a separator. A method of producing hydrocarbons from a subsurface reservoir is also provided. The hydrocarbons include a water-in-oil emulsion. The method includes producing the hydrocarbons through a wellbore, and subjecting the water-in-oil emulsion to a salt of a polynuclear, aromatic sulfonic acid additive so as to cause the oil and water to be at least partially demulsified.

Abstract: A process for producing a nanocomposite of a halogenated elastomer and an inorganic, exfoliated clay includes the in-situ protonation of a modifier, which may be an alkylamine, arylamine or an alkylarylamine. This process can be integrated with a polymer halogenation process. The nanocomposite so formed has improved air barrier properties and is suitable for use as a tire innerliner or innertube.

Abstract: Lubricating oil used for the lubrication of engines run on biodiesel fuels are improved in their resistance to oxidation, sludge and deposits formation by the addition to said lubricating oil of detergent to increase the TBN of the lubricating oil or the addition of organic bases.

Abstract: Lubricating oil used for the lubrication of engines run on biodiesel fuels are improved in their resistance to oxidation by the addition to said to lubricating oil of particular detergents, and premixed mixtures of particular detergents and anti-oxidants.

Abstract: A method for altering coke morphology in a delayed coking process of heavy oil is provided. An effective amount of one or more oil dispersible or oil soluble polynuclear aromatic compounds, or functionalized lignin, is added or contacted with the resid or heavy oil at a point before or after the step of heating the heavy oil to coking temperatures. The addition of additives facilitates the formation of shot coke and inhibits the formation of sponge coke.