Abstract: Described are preferred processes for preparing heterocycles having one or more nitrogen and/or oxygen heteroatoms, utilizing a 1,3-dihalopropene as an effective 3-carbon fragment. Preferred processes yield pyridines, quinolines, oxazoles, pyrimidines and pyrazoles, depending upon the other reactant or reactants utilized with the 1,3-dihalopropene.

Abstract: Described are preferred processes for preparing quaternary amine polymers of good color, comprising preparing a free base amine polymer by polymerizing a free base amine monomer in the presence of a water-soluble azo initiator, and subjecting the resultant polymer to quaternization conditions. Also described are unique, water-soluble quaternary amine polymers obtainable by such processes, and dye complexing polymer blends useful in the manufacture of detergents.

Abstract: Described are preferred processes for producing extrusion-granulated supernucleophilic 4-amino-substituted pyridine catalysts, and granular products obtainable therefrom. Also described are preferred activation-substitution-deactivation processes for producing 4-aminopyridine compounds, which involve the use of acrylic acid or acrylamide or analogs thereof for activation, and substitution steps conducted under mild basic conditions in an excess of the amine reagent for 4-substitution. Such processes provide improved reacted masses which are more readily processed to recover the products in pure, heat-stable form. Further, described are processes for preparing 4-substituted-pyridines via pyridine betaines.

Abstract: Described are preferred processes for preparing heterocycles having one or more nitrogen and/or oxygen heteroatoms, utilizing a 1,3-dihalopropene as an effective 3-carbon fragment. Preferred processes yield pyridines, quinolines, oxazoles, pyrimidines and pyrazoles, depending upon the other reactant or reactants utilized with the 1,3-dihalopropene.

Abstract: Described are preferred processes for producing linear polyvinylpyridines. The processes involve the use of hydrogen peroxide to initiate polymerization of vinylpyridine monomers in an aqueous solvent. Processes of the invention provide good reaction rates and conversions, and are particularly advantageous in achieving control of the M.sub.w 's of the final product polymers.

Abstract: Described is a process for recovering phytic acid or phytic acid salt from a medium in which it is contained. This process includes contacting the medium with a solid-phase free base polymer having tertiary amine functions to adsorb the phytic acid or salt thereof. In one preferred mode, the medium to be treated also contains lactic acid, and separate fractions predominant in (i) lactic acid and (ii) phytic acid or phytic acid salt, respectively, are recovered. Also described are preferred processes for treating mediums to recover lactic acid therefrom, and a favored process for obtaining inositol directly by hydrolyzing phytic acid or phytic acid salt while adsorbed on a pyridine-containing polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed are preferred processes for producing .alpha.-2-pyridyl.alpha.-aryl carbinol or .alpha.-4-pyridyl .alpha.-aryl carbinol compounds.

Abstract: Described are preferred processes for preparing 2-halo-5-substituted pyridine compounds. Preferred processes can be conducted in a one-step, one-pot fashion, and involve the reaction of a formamide and a halogenating agent with a nitrile such as cis-2-pentenonitrile or with a combination of reactants including an aldehyde such as n-propionaldehyde and a nitrile or an amide. Preferred processes provide for convenient and advantageous preparations of 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine, which serves as an intermediate to important insecticidal compounds.

Abstract: Described are preferred processes for producing linear polyvinylpyridines. The processes involve the use of hydrogen peroxide to initiate polymerization of vinylpyridine monomers in an alcohol/water solvent. Processes of the invention provide good reaction rates and conversions, and are particularly advantageous in achieving control of the M.sub.w 's of the final product polymers.