Abstract: An illumination intensity correction device can specify an illumination intensity over an illumination field of a lithographic projection exposure apparatus. The correction device has a plurality of rod-shaped individual stops arranged next to one another. A displacement drive can displace at least some of the individual stops at least along their respective rod axis. Free ends of the individual stops are individually displaceable using the displacement drive into a specified displacement position to specify an intensity correction of an illumination of the illumination field. The intensity correction acts along a correction dimension transverse with respect to the rod axes.

Abstract: An illumination intensity correction device can specify an illumination intensity over an illumination field of a lithographic projection exposure apparatus. The correction device has a plurality of rod-shaped individual stops arranged next to one another. A displacement drive can displace at least some of the individual stops at least along their respective rod axis. Free ends of the individual stops are individually displaceable using the displacement drive into a specified displacement position to specify an intensity correction of an illumination of the illumination field. The intensity correction acts along a correction dimension transverse with respect to the rod axes.

Abstract: A full color high brightness reflective display (200, 250, 300, 350) is formed from individual multifaced pyramid-like reflectors (400, 450, 500, 600, 725, 800). Each face (410, 420, 460, 470 510, 520, 610, 620, 730, 740, 810, 820) of the reflector specularly reflects two of the three primary colors of incident light (461, 481, 581, 661, 781, 861), and can be controlled to either reflect, diffusely or specularly, or absorb the other primary color, thereby controlling a color of reflected light (462, 482, 582, 662, 782, 862). A liquid crystal layer (415, 425, 465, 475) may be used at each face, with a polarization filter (480) at the entrance to the reflector, or combined with the layer. An electro wetting cell (514, 524) or an electrophoretic layer (615, 625) may also be used. A deposition layer formed by reversible metal deposition may be used. A movable, dynamic foil mechanism (850) may also be used.

Abstract: The invention relates to a projection display device (10, 40, 60, 70) for casting an image onto a projection screen (26, 56, 86). The device comprises a spatial light modulator (16, 46, 62, 76) including an array of light modulating elements (18, 48, 78), and a light source (12, 42, 72) arranged to illuminate the modulator. The device is characterized in that each light modulating element of the modulator is illuminated by light diverging in a least one dimension, which light is spatially modulated by the modulator and cast onto the projection screen. An advantage with the projection display device according to the invention is that it can be realized in a very compact fashion. The invention further relates to a hand held device comprising such projection display device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light valve (40) for reflecting and diffracting incident light, comprising an electrostatically operable foil (42) provided with a reflective surface (60), a reflective grating structure (52) provided on one side of the foil (42), and means (48, 56, 60) for inducing electrostatic forces on the foil (42) for switching it between a first position, in which the foil is separated from said grating structure (52), whereby incident light (64) received by said light valve (40) will be diffracted by said reflective grating structure (52), and a second position, in which the foil is brought into contact with said grating structure (52), whereby incident light (64) received by said light valve (40) will be essentially specularly reflected by said foil electrode (60). A grating structure having no movable parts may thus be used, which makes the light valve easy to manufacture. The invention also relates to an imaging system comprising at least one such light valve.

Abstract: A display device comprising a light guide (12), a front plate (14), and an intermediate electromechanically operable foil (16). Two electrode layers (22, 23) are arranged on either side of the foil (16) to induce electrostatic forces on the foil (16) and to bring selected portions of the foil into contact with the light guide (12), thereby extracting light from the light guide (12). The second electrode layer (22) is arranged on the opposite side of the light guide (12) with reference to the foil (16), and separated from the light guide (12) by means of a refractive layer (28). As no electrode layer is required on the light guide itself, the light path of rays extracted from the light guide is cleaner, and the absorption of light is reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of providing images on a screen and to an image projection device. The image projection device (10) comprises at least one first set (12) of light-emitting units provided in an array including at least two lines of light-emitting units having at least two light-emitting units each, and a light-displacing unit (36) arranged to displace the light from each light-emitting unit before projection on a screen (16), such that each light-emitting unit provides a tile comprising a line including at least two pixels aligned in one direction on the screen. The light-emitting units are preferably LEDs, and in this way, an efficient display or projector that can be accommodated in a reasonably small space is provided.

Abstract: A display device (1) comprises a luminescent display screen (15), and means for directing electrons towards the display screen (15). Said means comprises comprise an arrangement of at least three plates (36, 41, 42), with a middle plate (36) having selection apertures, and selection electrodes associated with the selection apertures. The selection apertures, the selection electrodes and the plates are arranged for having the electron currents, on their way from a source to the electroluminescent screen, selectively pass the apertures in the middle plate and alternately run at opposite sides of the middle plate. An anti-leakage layer (44 eg) for providing in operation a tunneling counteracting potential is provided on a plate of the arrangement to prevent leakage electrons through gaps between the middle plate and an adjacent plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cathodoluminescent gas discharge display having a reversed plasma direction, wherein secondary electrons (e?) generated by the impact of plasma ions (I+) on a cathode (5) are used to excite a luminescent substance (6). An advantage of the invention is that the ion feedback flow is reduced, which implies the application of a higher acceleration voltage and consequently a higher luminous efficacy.

Abstract: A display device has a display screen for displaying image information, and cathode means comprising an emitter material for emitting electrons. The emitted electrons are collected by an electron concentrator which redistributes the electrons in a homogenous electron beam (EB). The emitter material is arranged on a first surface excluding a first impact area on which positive ions land that pass through the electron concentrator. Therefore, substantially no emitter material is provided at the first impact area, so that damage inflicted on the cathode means by the positive ions is reduced. Preferably, the display device has a pumping chamber between the cathode means and a back plate, for removing residual gases from the display device.

Abstract: A matrix display device comprises cavities (20) having walls at least one of which is covered with a material (24) having a secondary emission coefficient of more than unity. The cavities form a planar arrangement substantially parallel to the display screen which has a phosphor display screen. The cavities are provided with electrodes (21, 215, 217, 5 22, 225, 228) and the display device has a circuit for supplying an oscillating AC voltage (Vr, VRF) to said electrodes (21, 215, 217, 22, 225, 228) for generating electrons within the cavities by secondary emission. The cavities (20) have apertures (25) facing the screen (41), and the display device has a circuit for selectively letting electrons generated within the cavities pass said apertures and accelerating electrons having passed said apertures to the phosphor display screen.