Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a photonic integrated device based on single-step active layer epitaxial growth, and the method includes forming, on a substrate, a reference region having a first bandgap and a region having a bandgap, which is red-shifted relative to the first bandgap, through active layer epitaxial growth, and applying a blue-shift to the substrate to form a region having a second bandgap that is blue-shifted relative to the first bandgap.

Abstract: The present application relates to methods and apparatuses for wireless communication in non-terrestrial network. One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a radio access network (RAN) node, may include: a transceiver; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to: determine first time information associated with a neighbor RAN node of the RAN node; and transmit the first time information to a user equipment (UE), wherein the first time information includes at least one of: a first epoch time associated with the neighbor RAN node; or a first validity time associated with the neighbor RAN node.

Abstract: The present application relates to methods and apparatus for determining network coverage interruption prediction. One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a user equipment (UE), comprising: a transceiver; and a processor coupled to the transceiver, wherein the processor is configured to receive, via the transceiver, at least one of the following: assistance information of one or more variable cells: or first network coverage interruption prediction associated with the one or more variable cells, wherein the one or more variable cells at least include a serving cell of the UE; and determine second network coverage interruption prediction associated with the one or more variable cells based on at least one of the assistance information or the first network coverage interruption prediction.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application relate to methods and apparatuses for handling establishment and failure in a multi-path case. According to an embodiment of the present application, a user equipment (UE) includes a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor; and the processor is configured: to access a serving cell of a network node via a path, wherein the path is a direct path or an indirect path between the UE and the network node; to receive configuration information regarding a path addition procedure via the transceiver from the network node, wherein the path addition procedure is for adding a further path between the UE and the network node; to initiate the path addition procedure; and to start a timer related to the path addition procedure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application relate to methods and apparatuses of handling a mobility configuration upon a reception of a notification message in a layer-2 (L2) UE-to-Network (U2N) relay case.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application relate to methods and apparatuses of handling a relay link with tracking area update (TAU) and radio access network based notification area update (RNAU) in a layer-2 (L2) UE-to-Network (U2N) relay case. According to an embodiment of the present application, a user equipment (UE) includes a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor; and the processor is configured: to access a serving cell via a relay UE; and to receive a radio resource control (RRC) message via the transceiver from the serving cell, wherein the RRC message includes at least one of: a RRC reconfiguration message; or a RRC release message.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a lower interlayer insulating layer; first and second active patterns on the lower interlayer insulating layer; a gate electrode on the first and second active patterns; a first source region on a first side of the gate electrode; a second source region on a second side of the gate electrode; a third source region on the first side of the gate electrode; a drain region on the second side of the gate electrode; a first contact adjacent to the gate electrode, and connected to the first and third source regions; a second contact adjacent to the gate electrode, and connected to the second source region; a third contact adjacent to the gate electrode, and connected to the drain region; a lower wiring layer inside the lower interlayer insulating layer; and a through via connecting the lower wiring layer with the first contact.

Abstract: The present application relates to methods and apparatuses for paging enhancement in mobile terminating small data transmission (MT-SDT). One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a first network node, which includes: a processor; a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: receive, via the transceiver, first information associated with mobile terminating small data transmission (MT-SDT) for a user equipment (UE) from a second network node; and determine whether or not to indicate the MT-SDT to the UE based on at least the first information received from the second network node.

Abstract: A magnesium/titanium composite plate with large thickness ratios and a gradient heterothermal rolling bonding method are provided by the present disclosure, relating to the technical field of rolling bonding plates. The method includes following steps: assembling blanks according to a sequence of titanium strip, transition layer foil and magnesium alloy plate to obtain a composite blank; carrying out induction heating treatment on one side of the titanium strip of the composite blank, then rolling, and carrying out heat treatment on a composite plate blank after rolling to obtain the magnesium/titanium composite plate with large thickness ratios; and a thickness ratio of the magnesium alloy plate to the titanium strip is greater than or equal to 20:1.

Abstract: A knowledge increasing method includes calculating uncertainty of knowledge obtained from a neural network using an explicit memory, determining the insufficiency of the knowledge on the basis of the calculated uncertainty, obtaining additional data (learning data) for increasing insufficient knowledge, and training the neural network by using the additional data to autonomously increase knowledge.

Abstract: A magnesium/titanium composite plate with large thickness ratios and a gradient heterothermal rolling bonding method are provided by the present disclosure, relating to the technical field of rolling bonding plates. The method includes following steps: assembling blanks according to a sequence of titanium strip, transition layer foil and magnesium alloy plate to obtain a composite blank; carrying out induction heating treatment on one side of the titanium strip of the composite blank, then rolling, and carrying out heat treatment on a composite plate blank after rolling to obtain the magnesium/titanium composite plate with large thickness ratios; and a thickness ratio of the magnesium alloy plate to the titanium strip is greater than or equal to 20:1.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method and apparatus for random access in non-terrestrial networks (NTN). An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a user equipment (UE), which includes: a transceiver configured to: receive configuration information associated with repetition of a random access message; and a processor configured to: determine whether to transmit a request for the random access message with repetition, or determine whether to transmit the random access message with repetition for a random access procedure based on the configuration information, wherein the configuration information at least indicates one of the following: a signal strength parameter and a signal strength offset associated with the signal strength parameter; a non-signal-strength parameter; a non-signal-strength parameter and a non-signal-strength offset associated with the non-signal-strength parameter; or a signal strength parameter and a non-signal-strength parameter.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the technical field of breeding, in particular to an environmental-friendly and efficient breeding method of high-yield and high-quality wheat cultivars. In the present disclosure, the breeding method can improve a breeding efficiency of excellent new cultivars, further realize large-scale production, and further increase a planting area of the excellent cultivars. In addition, the breeding method can increase the number of products for the new cultivars, further increase a diversity of early-generation materials, and further increase a diversity of hybrid samples through the innovation of hybridization and breeding methods. The environmental-friendly and efficient breeding method of high-yield and high-quality wheat cultivars can increase a richness of excellent characteristics of the new cultivars through high-generation materials, hybridization, and off-site identification, thereby further improving an effect of breeding.

Abstract: Provided is an inference method employing a prompt-based meta-learning network and a computer system. The inference method includes selecting a task, generating a prompt key for the selected task using a prompt-embedding network (PEN), calculating similarities between the prompt key for the selected task and prompt keys included in a prompt key pool (PKP), acquiring a prompt value for the selected task using a memory network (MN), and generating an inference result for the selected task using a model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML)-based pre-trained model (MPM).

Abstract: Provided is an exploration method based on reward decomposition in multi-agent reinforcement learning. The exploration method includes: generating a positive reward estimation model through neural network training based on training data including states of all agents, actions of all the agents, and a global reward true value; generating, for each of the agents, a first individual utility function based on the global reward true value and generating a second individual utility function using the positive reward estimation model; and determining an action of each of the agents using the first individual utility function and the second individual utility function based on the state of each of the agents.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a multimodal unsupervised meta-learning method and apparatus. The multimodal unsupervised meta-learning method includes training, by a multimodal unsupervised feature representation learning unit, an encoder configured to extract features of individual single-modal signals from a source multimodal dataset, generating, by a multimodal unsupervised task generation unit, a source task based on the features of individual single-modal signals, deriving, by a multimodal unsupervised learning method derivation unit, a learning method from the source task using the encoder, and training, by a target task performance unit, a model based on the learning method and features extracted from a small number of target datasets by the encoder, thus performing the target task.

Abstract: A domain adaptation procedure, such as fine-tuning training, is required to utilize a large-capacity PLM for a specific domain. Attempts in existing research have been made to improve performance of a PLM through domain adaptor technology based on an N-gram in order to reduce errors on the basis of the results of domain text error analysis of the PLM. Proposed is a method of selecting a semantic chunk through a domain semantic chunk graph and PageRank based on the existing domain adaptor research, with an N-gram as the semantic chunk. Proposed is also a method of domain-adapting a large-capacity PLM using semantic chunk dynamic weight masking, which reflects an output value of a PLM rather than simply integrating embedding values of semantic chunks, in a semantic chunk domain adaptor technology.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-modality system for recommending multiple items using an interaction and a method of operating the same. The multi-modality system includes an interaction data preprocessing module that preprocesses an interaction data set and converts the preprocessed interaction data set into interaction training data; an item data preprocessing module that preprocesses item information data and converts the preprocessed item information data into item training data; and a learning module that includes a neural network model that is trained using the interaction training data and the item training data and outputs a result including a set of recommended items using a conversation context with a user as input.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a blending method of high-quality and dual-purpose flour for bread and noodles, belonging to the technical field of flour processing. The method includes: selecting flour of a high-quality and dual-purpose wheat variety for bread and noodles as a high-quality basic flour for blending; according to a large gradient experimental design, selecting a gradient range ratio with a sedimentation value ?46.0 mL and a dough development time ?9.6 min, followed by subdividing for small gradient experiments; selecting a ratio with flour sedimentation value and dough development time that reach an ideal value to blend a large amount of flour; and making bread and noodles for scoring, followed by determining a blending ratio if a scoring result reaches an ideal value.

Abstract: A concept based few-shot learning method is disclosed. The method includes estimating a task embedding corresponding to a task to be executed from support data that is a small amount of learning data; calculating a slot probability of a concept memory necessary for a task based on the task embedding; extracting features of query data that is test data, and of the support data; comparing local features for the extracted features with slots of a concept memory to extract a concept, and generating synthesis features to have maximum similarity to the extracted features through the slots of the concept memory; and calculating a task execution result from the synthesis feature and the extracted concept by applying the slot probability as a weight.