Abstract: Chemical compositions and/or mixtures that allow nucleic acid to remain stable at ambient temperatures. The disclosed technology includes a solution and manufacturing methods thereof. The solution includes a chelating agent, a buffering agent, and a salt. The solution is configured to protect RNA and/or an RNA-based vaccine added to the solution and prevents or reduces degradation of the RNA and/or the RNA-based vaccine for a duration of 2 to 180 days over a temperature range of ?20 degrees C. to +38 degrees C. The chelating agent can comprise ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The buffering agent can comprise tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS). The salt can comprise NaCl. The solution is configured to preserve an injectable mRNA vaccine added to the solution, and the solution is safe for injection into mammals.

Abstract: A micromachined blade suitable for medical applications has an edge which is free of the imperfections common in mechanically sharpened steel blades. A method of forming micromachined blades having the desired characteristics may be performed by etching with anisotropic or isotropic etchants. This micromachined blade may be formed of a single-crystalline substrate, such as a silicon wafer commonly used in integrated circuit technology. Thus, such a micromachined blade may also carry circuitry capable of assisting a surgeon in the performance of certain procedures.