Abstract: Methods for converting mixtures of anthocyanins occurring in fruit or vegetable juice or extract into particular anthocyanin molecules having desirable colorant properties are provided herein. The method of the present disclosure can be employed to increase the amount of particular anthocyanin molecules, while lowering the total number of anthocyanin molecules present in the natural juice and/or extract. The disclosure is also directed to anthocyanin molecules prepared by the methods of present disclosure and to enzymes capable of catalyzing reactions that provide such effects.

Abstract: A method of making a eutectic alloy body by silicothermic reduction is provided. The method can include heating a mixture including silicon and a metal oxide comprising one or more metallic elements M and oxygen, forming a eutectic alloy melt from the mixture, and removing heat from the eutectic alloy melt, thereby forming the eutectic alloy body having a eutectic aggregation of a first phase comprising the silicon and a second phase being a silicide phase.

Abstract: Silicon eutectic alloy compositions and methods for making the same are disclosed. In one approach, a method may include using a glass carbon container to restrict contamination of the eutectic alloy melt. In an alternative approach, a method may include using a container having aluminum. The aluminum in the container may provide aluminum that is incorporated into the silicon eutectic alloy. Silicon eutectic bodies made by such methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: To carry out a rotational casting method of preparing a silicon eutectic alloy composition, silicon and one or more metallic elements M are melted together to form a eutectic alloy melt comprising the silicon and the one or more metallic elements M. A mold containing the eutectic alloy melt is rotated about a longitudinal axis thereof at a speed sufficient to form a rotating volume of the eutectic alloy melt in contact with an inner surface of the mold. Heat is directionally removed from the rotating volume of the eutectic alloy melt to directionally solidify the eutectic alloy melt, and a eutectic alloy composition, which includes the silicon, the one or more metallic elements M, and a eutectic aggregation of a first phase comprising the silicon and a second phase of formula MSi2, where the second phase is a disilicide phase, is formed.

Abstract: A fluorinated polydiorganosiloxane elastomer having improved physical properties can be obtained through the use of a method which first reacts a hydroxyl endblocked trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane having a Williams Plasticity Number of greater than 225 with a methylvinyldi(N-alkylacetamido)silane to give a chain extended polymer having pendant vinyl groups only at the location of the chain extension. The polymer is then reinforced with fume silica and compounded into a stock. The cured stock has improved tensile strength and tear strength when compared to similar compositions which do not contain the same type of polymer. The polymer has pendant vinyl groups located along the polymer chain, with the distance between them being relatively large. When too many vinyl pendent groups are present along the chain, the improved results are not obtained.