Abstract: A method includes accessing training images that collectively depict multiple stages of a surgical procedure. The method also includes accessing labels that indicate, for each of the training images, characteristics of one or more surgical tools depicted and a stage of the multiple stages of the surgical procedure depicted. The method also includes training a computational model, using the training images and the labels, to associate runtime images with a stage of the multiple stages based on characteristics of one or more surgical tools that are depicted by the runtime images. Another method includes associating, using a computational model, runtime images with a stage of a surgical procedure based on characteristics of one or more surgical tools depicted by the runtime images and generating output that indicates the stage associated with each of the runtime images.

Abstract: In some embodiments, techniques for using machine learning to enable visible light pupilometry are provided. In some embodiments, a smartphone may be used to create a visible light video recording of a pupillary light reflex (PLR). A machine learning model may be used to detect a size of a pupil in the video recording over time, and the size over time may be presented to a clinician. In some embodiments, a system that includes a smartphone and a box that holds the smartphone in a predetermined relationship to a subject's face is provided. In some embodiments, a sequential convolutional neural network architecture is used. In some embodiments, a fully convolutional neural network architecture is used.

Abstract: In some embodiments, techniques for using machine learning to enable visible light pupilometry are provided. In some embodiments, a smartphone may be used to create a visible light video recording of a pupillary light reflex (PLR). A machine learning model may be used to detect a size of a pupil in the video recording over time, and the size over time may be presented to a clinician. In some embodiments, a system that includes a smartphone and a box that holds the smartphone in a predetermined relationship to a subject's face is provided. In some embodiments, a sequential convolutional neural network architecture is used. In some embodiments, a fully convolutional neural network architecture is used.

Abstract: In some embodiments, techniques for using machine learning to enable visible light pupilometry are provided. In some embodiments, a smartphone may be used to create a visible light video recording of a pupillary light reflex (PLR). A machine learning model may be used to detect a size of a pupil in the video recording over time, and the size over time may be presented to a clinician. In some embodiments, a system that includes a smartphone and a box that holds the smartphone in a predetermined relationship to a subject's face is provided. In some embodiments, a sequential convolutional neural network architecture is used. In some embodiments, a fully convolutional neural network architecture is used.

Abstract: A method includes classifying, via a computational model, images of a source image stream as valid images or invalid images based on whether the images include biological tissue or a surgical tool; and generating a condensed image stream that includes the valid images. Another method includes classifying input images as valid images or invalid images using: a clustering algorithm that classifies each of the input images into either a first group or a second group and using labels that indicate whether the input images include a surgical tool. The method also includes training a computational model to identify the valid images based on whether the valid images include biological tissue or a surgical tool, or whether the valid images have at least a threshold level of clarity.

Abstract: Examples of systems and methods described herein may estimate a state of the ear canal of a patient utilizing a smart phone by characterizing acoustic waveforms reflected off the patient's eardrum. Examples may include an acoustic focusing apparatus that may be connected to a smart phone to provide acoustic signals to and receive reflected signals from an ear canal.

Abstract: In some embodiments, techniques for using machine learning to enable visible light pupilometry are provided. In some embodiments, a smartphone may be used to create a visible light video recording of a pupillary light reflex (PLR). A machine learning model may be used to detect a size of a pupil in the video recording over time, and the size over time may be presented to a clinician. In some embodiments, a system that includes a smartphone and a box that holds the smartphone in a predetermined relationship to a subject's face is provided. In some embodiments, a sequential convolutional neural network architecture is used. In some embodiments, a fully convolutional neural network architecture is used.

Abstract: An adapter for endoscopy can operably connect camera features and light source features of a portable electronic device with a respective viewfinder and illumination element of a medical endoscope. Systems including an endoscope, adapter, and handheld electronic device with a microphone, light source, and camera can, when connected, be used to perform stroboscopic endoscopic examinations.

Abstract: A surgical sheath for use in endoscopic trans-nasal or intra-ocular surgery has an angle section joined to a conical section, with the conical section having a central axis not parallel to a central axis of the angle section. A body section is joined to the angle section, with the body section having a length at least twice the length of the angle section. The conical section, the angle section and the body section may be a flexible or compliant material. The sheath reduces collateral trauma to the tissues in the surgical pathway.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and systems for selecting surgical approaches. One example method involves (1) receiving data indicating (a) one or more surgical target regions and (b) one or more surgical portals; (2) determining a plurality of surgical pathways; (3) determining a plurality of surgical approaches; (4) for each surgical approach in the plurality of surgical approaches, determining at least one approach characteristic, for each determined surgical pathway in the respective surgical approach, determining at least one pathway characteristic, and determining a surgical-approach ranking based on the determined at least one approach characteristic and the determined at least one pathway characteristic; (5) selecting a subset of the plurality of surgical approaches based on the determined surgical approach rankings; and (6) causing an output device to provide a representation of the selected subset of the plurality of surgical approaches.

Abstract: A surgical sheath for use in endoscopic trans-nasal or intra-ocular surgery has an angle section joined to a conical section, with the conical section having a central axis not parallel to a central axis of the angle section. A body section is joined to the angle section, with the body section having a length at least twice the length of the angle section. The conical section, the angle section and the body section may be a flexible or compliant material. The sheath reduces collateral trauma to the tissues in the surgical pathway.

Abstract: Organization systems for surgical instruments and associated methods and systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a surgical instrument organization system can be configured for use in a medical environment, and can include a flexible, sterile container having a lower portion. The container can include an attachment system configured to elastically couple one or more surgical instruments to the lower portion of the container. In some embodiments, the container can be carried by a portable base coupled to a platform via an adjustable support member.

Abstract: A surgical sheath for use in endoscopic trans-nasal or intra-ocular surgery has an angle section joined to a conical section, with the conical section having a central axis not parallel to a central axis of the angle section. A body section is joined to the angle section, with the body section having a length at least twice the length of the angle section. The conical section, the angle section and the body section may be a flexible or compliant material. The sheath reduces collateral trauma to the tissues in the surgical pathway.

Abstract: Example methods and systems to facilitate osteocutaneous free flap reconstructions are provided. One example method involves causing a surgical navigation system to display a representation of a patient undergoing surgery; receiving input data representing one or more osteotomies made during the surgery to form a defect within the patient; determining a donor site for a bone graft having a contour that corresponds to the defect within the patient using a geometric alignment algorithm to identify, as the donor site, a portion of the bone graft that virtually aligns with the defect; generating a virtual template representing the bone graft; displaying the generated virtual template representing the bone graft within the representation of the patient as a navigational guide for harvesting of the bone graft; and displaying the generated virtual template positioned into the defect within the representation as a navigational guide for reconstructing the defect using the harvested bone graft.

Abstract: An adapter for endoscopy can operably connect camera features and light source features of a portable electronic device with a respective viewfinder and illumination element of a medical endoscope. Systems including an endoscope, adapter, and handheld electronic device with a microphone, light source, and camera can, when connected, be used to perform stroboscopic endoscopic examinations.

Abstract: A surgical sheath for use in endoscopic trans-nasal or intra-ocular surgery has an angle section joined to a conical section, with the conical section having a central axis not parallel to a central axis of the angle section. A body section is joined to the angle section, with the body section having a length at least twice the length of the angle section. The conical section, the angle section and the body section may be a flexible or compliant material. The sheath reduces collateral trauma to the tissues in the surgical pathway.

Abstract: Organization systems for surgical instruments input devices and associated methods and systems are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a surgical instrument input device organization system can include a first interface configured to receive input from a user and a second interface communicatively coupled to the first interface via a link. The second interface can include a module sized to receive a surgical input instrument device and an actuator configured to engage a movable surface of the surgical instrument input device in response to input received from the user at the first interface.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and systems for defining surgical boundaries. One example method involves receiving data indicating a representation of a patient; receiving data indicating (i) a surgical target region within the representation of the patient; and (ii) a surgical entry portal within the representation of the patient; providing a graphical display of (i) the representation of the patient, and (ii) a surgical pathway from the surgical entry portal to the surgical target region; defining one or more surgical boundaries within the representation; receiving data indicating a position of a surgical instrument with respect to the representation; based on the received data indicating the position of the surgical instrument, determining that the surgical instrument is within a threshold distance from the one or more surgical boundaries; and providing feedback indicating that the surgical instrument is within the predetermined threshold distance from the one or more surgical boundaries.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and systems for selecting surgical approaches. One example method involves (1) receiving data indicating (a) one or more surgical target regions and (b) one or more surgical portals; (2) determining a plurality of surgical pathways; (3) determining a plurality of surgical approaches; (4) for each surgical approach in the plurality of surgical approaches, determining at least one approach characteristic, for each determined surgical pathway in the respective surgical approach, determining at least one pathway characteristic, and determining a surgical-approach ranking based on the determined at least one approach characteristic and the determined at least one pathway characteristic; (5) selecting a subset of the plurality of surgical approaches based on the determined surgical approach rankings; and (6) causing an output device to provide a representation of the selected subset of the plurality of surgical approaches.

Abstract: Organization systems for surgical instruments and associated methods and systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a surgical instrument organization system can be configured for use in a medical environment, and can include a flexible, sterile container having a lower portion. The container can include an attachment system configured to elastically couple one or more surgical instruments to the lower portion of the container. In some embodiments, the container can be carried by a portable base coupled to a platform via an adjustable support member.