Abstract: A method of determining structured behavior from network adjacency matrices is described. A method of detecting physiological signals from a subject is described.

Abstract: A method of determining structured behavior from network adjacency matrices is described. A method of detecting physiological signals from a subject is described.

Abstract: A non-invasive method of detecting anomalous tissue, such as cancerous or injured tissue, in a patient. At least two hemoglobin signal components of hemoglobin levels in at least one segment of tissue of the patient are non-invasively measured over time. Time varying changes of at least a first of the hemoglobin signal components are measured with respect to at least time varying changes of a second of the hemoglobin signal components. A co-varying coordinate system of the time varying changes is generated. Any anomalous tissue in the measured segment of tissue is detected from a signature of the measured segment of tissue in the co-varying coordinate system which differs from a signature of non-anomalous tissue in the co-varying coordinate system. Preferably, five hemoglobin signal components are measured: oxyHb, deoxyHb, total Hb (totalHb=oxyHb+deoxy Hb), Hb oxygen saturation (HbO2Sat=(oxyHb/totalHb)*100), and tissue-hemoglobin oxygen exchange HbO2Exc (deoxyHb?oxyHb).

Abstract: A non-invasive method of detecting anomalous tissue, such as cancerous or injured tissue, in a patient. At least two hemoglobin signal components of hemoglobin levels in at least one segment of tissue of the patient are non-invasively measured over time. Time varying changes of at least a first of the hemoglobin signal components are measured with respect to at least time varying changes of a second of the hemoglobin signal components. A co-varying coordinate system of the time varying changes is generated. Any anomalous tissue in the measured segment of tissue is detected from a signature of the measured segment of tissue in the co-varying coordinate system which differs from a signature of non-anomalous tissue in the co-varying coordinate system. Preferably, five hemoglobin signal components are measured: oxyHb, deoxyHb, total Hb (totalHb=oxyHb+deoxy Hb), Hb oxygen saturation (HbO2Sat=(oxyHb/totalHb)*100), and tissue-hemoglobin oxygen exchange HbO2Exc (deoxyHb?oxyHb).

Abstract: A non-invasive method of detecting anomalous tissue, such as cancerous or injured tissue, in a patient. At least two hemoglobin signal components of hemoglobin levels in at least one segment of tissue of the patient are non-invasively measured over time. Time varying changes of at least a first of the hemoglobin signal components are measured with respect to at least time varying changes of a second of the hemoglobin signal components. A co-varying coordinate system of the time varying changes is generated. Any anomalous tissue in the measured segment of tissue is detected from a signature of the measured segment of tissue in the co-varying coordinate system which differs from a signature of non-anomalous tissue in the co-varying coordinate system. Preferably, five hemoglobin signal components are measured: oxyHb, deoxyHb, total Hb (totalHb=oxyHb+deoxy Hb), Hb oxygen saturation (HbO2Sat=(oxyHb/totalHb)*100), and tissue-hemoglobin oxygen exchange HbO2Exc (deoxyHb?oxyHb).

Abstract: A non-invasive method of detecting anomalous tissue, such as cancerous or injured tissue, in a patient. At least two hemoglobin signal components of hemoglobin levels in at least one segment of tissue of the patient are non-invasively measured over time. Time varying changes of at least a first of the hemoglobin signal components are measured with respect to at least time varying changes of a second of the hemoglobin signal components. A co-varying coordinate system of the time varying changes is generated. Any anomalous tissue in the measured segment of tissue is detected from a signature of the measured segment of tissue in the co-varying coordinate system which differs from a signature of non-anomalous tissue in the co-varying coordinate system. Preferably, five hemoglobin signal components are measured: oxyHb, deoxyHb, total Hb (totalHb=oxyHb+deoxy Hb), Hb oxygen saturation (HbO2Sat=(oxyHb/totalHb)*100), and tissue-hemoglobin oxygen exchange HbO2Exc (deoxyHb?oxyHb).

Abstract: Optical data is obtained from a pair of breasts, employing a simultaneous bilateral referencing protocol, and is subsequently analyzed employing a self-referencing data analysis method. Optical measurements can be performed on both breasts simultaneously under various protocols, including resting-state measures and evoked responses. Sensing hardware and data collection protocols are economical and can be implemented without patient discomfort. The natural variance inherently associated with optical measures of the breast is reduced by: imposition of substantially symmetric boundary conditions; collection of simultaneous bilateral dynamic measures; referencing measurement data of one breast to measurement data from another.

Abstract: A portable and wearable tumor detector includes a brassier and devices for enabling optical tomography in a non-clinical setting. Light emitting devices and light sensing devices are provided on the brassier, and a controller for performing a tomographic scanning is attached to the brassier. A computing means and a communication means may be provided to generate at least one tomographic image. Each of the two breasts under examination can be employed as a reference structure for generating a tomographic image for the other of the two breasts, thereby providing a self-referencing image generation mechanism. The images and/or data can be reviewed by the subject of the tomographic scanning or by a medical professional. The tomographic scanning can be performed at any location if provided with a portable power supply system.

Abstract: Optical data is obtained from a pair of breasts, employing a simultaneous bilateral referencing protocol, and is subsequently analyzed employing a self-referencing data analysis method. Optical measurements can be performed on both breasts simultaneously under various protocols, including resting-state measures and evoked responses. Sensing hardware and data collection protocols are economical and can be implemented without patient discomfort. The natural variance inherently associated with optical measures of the breast is reduced by: imposition of substantially symmetric boundary conditions; collection of simultaneous bilateral dynamic measures; referencing measurement data of one breast to measurement data from another.

Abstract: A time series of optical tomography data is obtained for a target tissue site in a human (or animal), using an optical wavelength, such as near infrared, at which hemoglobin is absorptive, to observe properties of the vasculature of the human. The data may be compared to baseline data of a corresponding tissue site, e.g., from a healthy human, or from another, corresponding tissue site of the human. For example, a suspected cancerous breast of a human may be compared to a known healthy breast to detect differences in the vasculature. Measures may be made of flow, oxygen supply/demand imbalance, and evidence of altered regulation of the peripheral effector mechanism. The function of the target tissue site may be analyzed, along with the coordinated interaction between multiple sites of the target system. A provocation may be administered to identify surrogate markers of an underlying state or process.

Abstract: Computation-saving techniques and stability-adding techniques provide for fast, accurate reconstructions of a time series of images involving large-scale 3D problems, such as real-time image recovery in an optical tomography imaging system. A system equation for a target medium (116) such as tissue is solved using a Normalized Difference Method (NDM) (250). Because of the inherent stability of the NDM solutions, a weight matrix (W) of the system equation can be provided for a given point in a time series (220), then reused without recalculation at subsequent points. Further savings are achieved by decomposing W using singular value decomposition or direct matrix decomposition, transforming it to reduce its dimensions, and/or scaling it to achieve a more stable numerical solution. Values of measured energy (112) emerging from the target medium are back-substituted into the system equation for the different points to obtain the target medium properties.

Abstract: Data from a target system (616) that exhibits a non-linear relationship between system properties and measurement data, is processed by applying a linear filter (F) to improve resolution and accuracy. The filter reduces inaccuracies that are introduced by an algorithm used to reconstruct the data. The filter is defined by assigning time varying functions, such as sinusoids (200), to elements (210) in a model (Y) of the system to perturbate the elements. The resulting data output from the model is reconstructed using the same algorithm used to subsequently reconstruct the data from the target system. The filter is defined as a matrix (F) that transforms the reconstructed data of the model (X) back toward the known properties of the model (Y). A library of filters can be pre-calculated for different applications. In an example implementation, the system is tissue that is imaged using optical tomography.

Abstract: A method and system for calibrating an optical tomographic imaging system that is configured to execute time-series optical measurements of a target's response to incident optical energy is presented. An electro-active device that is configured to be electronically modulated to control the electro-active device's opacity is embedded in a dense scattering medium. A known hemodynamic response pattern is selected and at least one wavelength of optical energy that produces the known hemodynamic response pattern is determined. A wavelength-dependent driving voltage function is then computed. A voltage is then applied to the electro-active device according to the wavelength-dependent driving voltage function. Optical energy is then transmitted to the scattering medium at the at least one wavelength and a hemodynamic response for the target is determined. The known hemodynamic response pattern and the determined hemodynamic response pattern are then compared.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for detailed delineation of variation of autoregulation and more particularly tissue metabolism. These enhanced capabilities allow for new insights into factors impacting on body function, detection and monitoring of disease states, understanding of drug actions and other physiological effectors such as diet and physical exercise.

Abstract: A method of measuring local and propagating pulsatile behavior of a vasculature system provides a way to non-invasively measure vascular dynamics and, in particular, allows for objective measurement of the propagating expansion-contraction waves. The method includes capturing a time-series of optical images, and analyzing the images to produce a time-series of vector field maps based on measurements of local displacement of hemoglobin contrast. The method further includes obtaining a resulting time-dependent tensor field image and analyzing the resulting time-dependent tensor field image to obtain metrics of local and propagating oscillatory behavior.

Abstract: The present invention recognizes that contrary to intuitive expectations, sensitivity and resolution of the data for image reconstruction can be increased by decreasing the absorption or scattering mean free path length of the imaging source energy. Methods are disclosed in this respect for enhancing sensitivity and resolution in the imaging of scattering target media (116). In one method, source energy wavelength is selected to optimize scattering and absorption of the energy while maintaining measurable and acceptable detector signals (112). In another aspect of the invention, the scattering target medium (116) is radially compressed and the imaging source wavelength is then adjusted in conjunction with the compression to improve sensitivity and resolution.

Abstract: A method of significantly improving the quality of solutions to a system of linear equations. The solution to a system of linear equations is enhanced by: (1) modeling a target medium into a plurality of elements and imposing at least one localized fluctuation into the target medium; (2) measuring an output resulting from at least one localized fluctuation; and (3) processing the measured output to reconstruct a result, determining a correction filter, and applying the correction filter to the result.

Abstract: A method and system for imaging of a scattering target medium using a modified perturbation formulation of a radiation transport equation where normalized measured values are used to recover a relative difference in absorption and/or scattering properties based on the normalized measured values with respect to a reference medium. The modified perturbation formulation provides enhanced stability, reduces the sensitivity of solution to variations between the target and reference media, produces solutions having physical units and reduces the need for absolute detector calibration. Moreover, the modified perturbation equation lends itself to the detection and imaging of dynamic properties of the scattering medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to three-dimensional optical imaging techniques and, more particularly, to the detection and three-dimensional imaging of absorbing and/or scattering structures in complex random media, such as human body tissue, by detecting scattered light emerging from the medium.

Abstract: A system and method for the detection and three dimensional imaging of absorption and scattering properties of a medium such as human tissue is described. According to one embodiment of the invention, the system directs optical energy toward a turbid medium from at least one source and detects optical energy emerging from the turbid medium at a plurality of locations using at least one detector. The optical energy emerging from the medium and entering the detector originates from the source is scattered by the medium. The system then generates an image representing interior structure of the turbid medium based on the detected optical energy emerging from the medium. Generating the image includes a time-series analysis.