Abstract: During engine operation, valve retainers and valve springs are constantly rubbing and impacting each other resulting in heat and wear. The purpose of this invention is to provide a surface coating onto the valve retainer to reduce the friction with the valve spring and thus improve durability. Specifically, this invention teaches a method to thermally apply coatings to the surface of the valve retainer. Although typically fabricated from steel, the usage of lighter weight titanium valve retainers is increasing for high performance, or racing engines. The reduced mass allows valves to move more readily and requires less spring pressure to operate, producing more power and a faster revving engine, however titanium is typically not as wear resistant as the steel it replaces. In one embodiment, a porous molybdenum or other oleophilic metal is applied to the surface of the valve retainer. In another embodiment, hard coatings of cermets, carbides, and super alloys are applied as coatings to valve retainers.

Abstract: A method for coating the bead seat of a wheel with a hard, rough, friction coating is disclosed. This coating is intended to prevent the tire from slipping on the rim of the wheel. The coating can be applied via several methods including thermal spray techniques. The ability to keep the tire from slipping on the wheel is particularly important for low-pressure tires, which are vulnerable to slippage during acceleration and for truck tires, which are vulnerable during braking. Furthermore, the method disclosed requires no additional mechanically attached parts and requires no special installation.

Abstract: To improve engine performance and reduce wear and friction, a porous coating is applied to piston skirts and cylinder bores via a thermal spray process. The porous nature of the coating allows for oil to be held on the surfaces enhancing lubrication.