Abstract: Line system design techniques are provided for use in performing routing and coloring operations associated with one or more demands. In one aspect of the invention, a technique for designing a line system comprises the following steps/operations. A set of one or more demands is obtained for use in computing the line system design. The line system design is then represented as a graph in accordance with a graph coloring operation wherein colors represent bandwidths such that bandwidths are assigned and the one or more demands are routed so as to attempt to achieve a minimum total design cost. The line system being designed may be an optical line system.

Abstract: A cooling system for a data center, in which a plurality of servers having exothermic electronic components is installed in a housing. The cooling system comprises: a cooling circuit, a main cooling device to cool cooling medium heated by electronic components, and an auxiliary cooling device to assist the main cooling device in cooling the cooling medium.

Abstract: Making a transducer having a plastic matching layer which includes providing a transducer housing having a proximal end and a distal end, and bonding a plastic to the distal end of the transducer housing (the plastic fluidly sealing and occluding the distal end). The bonding further includes inserting a cylinder comprising a mold-release chemical into the transducer housing, bonding plastic onto the distal end of the transducer housing, and removing the cylinder when the plastic has hardened.

Abstract: A concentrating photovoltaic generation system including a photovoltaic generator which converts solar light into electric power, a reflector panel which concentrates solar light onto the photovoltaic generator, and a radiation cooling mechanism to which heat is transmitted from the photovoltaic generator and from which heat is radiated, thus cooling the photovoltaic generator.

Abstract: Improved network design techniques are provided. For example, a technique for designing a protection capacity to be reserved in a network comprises the following steps/operations. One or more link capacities associated with a network topology are obtained. The network is assumed to have no pre-existing working traffic. A capacity partition including a working capacity portion and a protection capacity portion is determined for at least one link in the network topology. The protection capacity portion is reserved for rerouting working traffic upon a failure and enabling control over the number of backup tunnels, associated with the at least one link, on which working traffic can be rerouted. Determining the capacity partition substantially guarantees at least one of a minimal failure restoration time and a minimal overbuild. A minimal overbuild may include an overbuild equivalent to no more than two times an overbuild required for an optimal solution.

Abstract: Systems and methods of a transducer having a plastic matching layer. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are methods including providing a transducer housing having a proximal end and a distal end, and bonding a plastic to the distal end of the transducer housing (the plastic fluidly sealing and occluding the distal end). The bonding further includes inserting a cylinder comprising a mold-release chemical into the transducer housing, bonding plastic onto the distal end of the transducer housing, and removing the cylinder when the plastic has hardened.

Abstract: Systems and methods of a transducer having a plastic matching layer. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are transducers comprising a housing (having a proximal end, a distal end and an internal volume, the housing configured to couple to a spoolpiece of an ultrasonic meter), a plastic matching layer that has an external surface and an internal surface (the plastic matching layer seals to and occludes the distal end of the housing), and a transducer element abutting the internal surface of the plastic matching layer.

Abstract: Improved network design techniques are provided. More particularly, the invention provides network design techniques that support fast restoration. In one aspect of the invention, a technique for designing a protection capacity to be reserved in a network comprises the following steps/operations. Link capacities associated with a network topology and existing working traffic in the network are obtained. Capacity partitions are determined for links in the network topology. Each of at least a portion of the capacity partitions comprise a protection capacity portion and a working capacity portion that equals or exceeds the existing working traffic on a corresponding link, such that upon a failure on the link, the working traffic on the link is rerouted over a pre-provisioned detour path using the protection capacity portion on one or more links on the detour path. Further, the capacity partition determination step/operation substantially guarantees protection for existing working traffic in the network.

Abstract: Systems and methods of a transducer having a plastic matching layer. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are transducers comprising a housing (having a proximal end, a distal end and an internal volume, the housing configured to couple to a spoolpiece of an ultrasonic meter), a plastic matching layer that has an external surface and an internal surface (the plastic matching layer seals to and occludes the distal end of the housing), and a transducer element abutting the internal surface of the plastic matching layer.

Abstract: An optical encoder includes a code strip having a first side, a second side, a first track comprising indicia thereon, and a second track comprising indicia thereon. The code strip is moveable along a displacement path with respect to the optical encoder. A light source positioned on the first side of the code strip directs light toward the code strip. A first detector element is positioned on the second side of the code strip and is generally aligned with the first track of the code strip. A second detector element is positioned on the second side of the code strip and is generally aligned with the second track of the code strip. The second detector element is also positioned so that the second detector element is located a spaced distance along the displacement path from the first detector element.

Abstract: An optical encoder includes a code strip having a first side, a second side, a first track comprising indicia thereon, and a second track comprising indicia thereon. The code strip is moveable along a displacement path with respect to the optical encoder. A light source positioned on the first side of the code strip directs light toward the code strip. A first detector element is positioned on the second side of the code strip and is generally aligned with the first track of the code strip. A second detector element is positioned on the second side of the code strip and is generally aligned with the second track of the code strip. The second detector element is also positioned so that the second detector element is located a spaced distance along the displacement path from the first detector element.

Abstract: An optical encoder includes a code strip having a first side, a second side, a first track comprising indicia thereon, and a second track comprising indicia thereon. The code strip is moveable along a displacement path with respect to the optical encoder. A light source positioned on the first side of the code strip directs light toward the code strip. A first detector element is positioned on the second side of the code strip and is generally aligned with the first track of the code strip. A second detector element is positioned on the second side of the code strip and is generally aligned with the second track of the code strip. The second detector element is also positioned so that the second detector element is located a spaced distance along the displacement path from the first detector element.

Abstract: A novel and improved digital FM audio processor for use in a dual-mode communication system selectively operative in either FM or code division multiple access (CDMA) modes. Analog voice or voice-band data is input to a speech encoder/decoder (CODEC) which converts the analog signal to a digital signal. The digital FM signal is read from the CODEC, filtered, compressed, up-sampled and combined with a transponded SAT signal and then modulated for RF transmission. On the receive side, the FM analog signal is received, demodulated, down-sampled, expanded, and filtered before being converted to the proper format (&mgr;-law, a-law, or linear) for the speech CODEC. The CODEC then converts the digital FM audio signal into an analog waveform for conversion to sound. By performing the FM audio processing digitally, the same digital signal processing (DSP) firmware may integrated on the same application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which is capable of performing audio processing of both FM and CDMA audio signals.

Abstract: A novel and improved digital FM audio processor for use in a dual-mode communication system selectively operative in either FM or code division multiple access (CDMA) modes. Analog voice or voice-band data is input to a speech encoder/decoder (CODEC) which converts the analog signal to a digital signal. The digital FM signal is read from the CODEC, filtered, compressed, up-sampled and combined with a transponded SAT signal and then modulated for RF transmission. On the receive side, the FM analog signal is received, demodulated, down-sampled, expanded, and filtered before being converted to the proper format (.mu.-law, a-law, or linear) for the speech CODEC. The CODEC then converts the digital FM audio signal into an analog waveform for conversion to sound. By performing the FM audio processing digitally, the same digital signal processing (DSP) firmware may integrated on the same application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which is capable of performing audio processing of both FM and CDMA audio signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing a vocoder in a application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is provided. The apparatus contains a DSP core that performs computations in accordance with a reduced instruction set (RISC) architecture. The circuit further includes a specifically designed slave processor to the DSP core referred to as the minimization processor. The apparatus further comprises a specifically designed block normalization circuitry.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing a vocoder in a application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is provided. The apparatus contains a DSP core that performs computations in accordance with a reduced instruction set (RISC) architecture. The circuit further includes a specifically designed slave processor to the DSP core referred to as the minimization processor. The apparatus further comprises a specifically designed block normalization circuitry.