Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of pentenes in the absence of hydrogen using a catalyst comprising a non-zeolitic molecular sieve. It is of particular interest to increase the proportion of olefins containing tertiary carbons in the product with low formation of undesirable by-products. Product olefins may be further processed to obtain methyl t-amyl ether, which enjoy high current interest as components for reformulated gasoline. Pentenes in raffinate from etherification may be returned to the isomerization process.

Abstract: A pretreatment method for a C.sub.8 aromatic isomerization process wherein the isomerization catalyst is initially contacted with a C.sub.8 aromatic feedstock under high severity isomerization conditions for a period of time sufficient to deposit a substantial amount to carbonaceous material on the catalyst. After pretreatment, the carbon-laden catalyst continues to be contacted by the C.sub.8 aromatic feedstock under less severe conditions than that of the pretreatment mode of operation.

Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to selectively upgrade naphtha to obtain gasoline which is in accordance with current standards for reformulated fuels. A naphtha feedstock is fractionated to selectively direct light naphtha to isomerization or blending, a heart-cut fraction to reforming, and a heavy portion to selective isoparaffin synthesis to yield light and heavy synthesis naphtha and isobutane. The heavy portion of the synthesis naphtha is processed by reforming. Light naphtha may be isomerized, with or without recycle of low-octane components of the product. A gasoline component is blended from light, synthesis, and reformate products from the process combination.

Abstract: This invention presents a novel catalyst formulation for the isomerization of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. The catalyst is comprised of at least one Group VII metal, and a pentasil zeolite having an x-ray diffraction characteristic of ZSM-12 wherein a portion of the aluminum atoms have been replaced with gallium atoms. When utilized in a process for isomerizing a non-equilibrium mixture of xylenes containing ethylbenzene, a greater yield of para-xylene is obtained compared to prior-art processes.

Abstract: This invention presents a novel catalyst formulation for the isomerization of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. The catalyst is comprised of at least one Group VIII metal, and a pentasil zeolite having an x-ray diffraction characteristic of ZSM-12 wherein a portion of the aluminum atoms have been replaced with gallium atoms. When utilized in a process for isomerizing a non-equilibrium mixture of xylenes containing ethylbenzene, a greater yield of paraxylene is obtained compared to prior-art processes.

Abstract: This invention presents a novel catalyst formulation for the isomerization of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises at least one Group VIII metal, a pentasil zeolite wherein a portion of the aluminum atom has been replaced with gallium atoms and a matrix material of zirconia-alumina. When utilized in a process for isomerizing a non-equilibrium mixture of xylenes containing ethylbenzene, a greater yield of para-xylene is obtained compared to prior art processes.

Abstract: A novel trimetallic catalytic composite, a method of manufacture and process use thereof is disclosed. The composite comprises a refractory support having a nominal diameter of at least 650 microns and having deposited thereon a uniformly dispersed platinum component, a uniformly dispersed tin component and a surface-impregnated metal component selected from the group consisting of rhodium, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, or iridium. When this catalytic composite is used in the reforming of hydrocarbons at low pressures significant improvements in activity stability is observed compared to catalysts of the prior art.

Abstract: A novel trimetallic catalytic composite, a method of manufacture and process use thereof is disclosed. The composite comprises a refractory support having a nominal diameter of at least 650 microns and having deposited thereon a uniformly dispersed platinum component, a uniformly dispersed tin component and a surface-impregnated metal component selected from the group consisting of rhodium, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, iridium and mixtures thereof. When this catalytic composite is used in the reforming of hydrocarbons at low pressures significant improvements in activity stability is observed compared to catalysts of the prior art.

Abstract: A novel catalytic composite, a method of making the composite, and use of the composite is disclosed. The novel catalyst comprises a nonacidic zeolite bound within a support matrix. Additionally, the catalyst comprises catalytically effective amounts of a Group VIII metal component. There is also present within the catalyst sufficient surface-deposited alkali metal to provide a surface-deposited alkali metal index of at least 10. The catalytic composite has utility for the conversion of hydrocarbons and, in particular, has specific utility as a dehydrocyclization catalyst.

Abstract: A novel catalytic composite, method of preparation, and process for the conversion of hydrocarbons is disclosed. The novel catalyst comprises a nonacidic zeolite having deposited thereon catalytically effective amounts of a Group VIII metal component and sufficient surface-deposited alkali metal to provide a surface-deposited alkali metal index of at least 10.

Abstract: A novel catalytic composite, a method of making the composite, and use of the composite is disclosed. The novel catalyst comprises a nonacidic zeolite bound within a support matrix. Additionally, the catalyst comprises catalytically effective amounts of a Group VIII metal component. There is also present within the catalyst sufficient surface-deposited alkali metal to provide a surface-deposited alkali metal index of at least 10. The catalytic composite has utility for the conversion of hydrocarbons and, in particular, has specific utility as a dehydrocyclization catalyst.

Abstract: A novel catalyst composite is disclosed as well as a novel method of preparing the composite and a novel use for the composite. The novel composite comprises a nonacidic zeolite, catalytically effective amounts of a Group VIII metal component, and a silica support matrix derived by a high pH gelation of an alkali metal silicate sol. This novel composition has particular utility as a dehydrocyclization catalyst for the conversion of paraffins to aromatic compounds.

Abstract: Ceramic materials comprising steatite or forsterite which are highly dense in nature may be prepared by admixing a hydrolyzed alcoholic solution of a silicon alkoxide with a solution prepared by adding an organomagnesium compound to an alcohol at gelation conditions. Following the formation of the gel, it is then dried at an elevated temperature of from about 300.degree. to about 500.degree. C. to remove volatile compounds as well as to decompose any remaining organic compounds and thereafter the powder is pressed into a desired shape. The formed shape is then sintered at a temperature in the range of from about 850.degree. to about 950.degree. C. to form a densified ceramic.

Abstract: Improved catalyst systems which may be used for a wide variety of chemical reactions such as gas conversion reactions may be prepared by impregnating a transition metal compound which may contain a structural promoter with a nonaqueous solution of an alkali metal superhydride in order to provide a more uniform distribution of the chemical promoter on the active surface of the catalyst. As an example, iron oxide which has been structurally promoted with aluminum may be impregnated with a nonaqueous solution of potassium triethyl-borohydride to prepare an active gas conversion catalyst.

Abstract: A catalytic composite is disclosed which catalyst comprises a silica-alumina carrier material, a nickel component and a vanadium component, and which catalyst is useful for the conversion of hydrocarbons. A preferred method of preparation comprises the incorporation of the vanadium component from an alcoholic solution of a vanadium compound.