Abstract: A tool bit includes a shaft that defines a bit axis and has a first end and a second end. There is at least one work-hardening section adjacent the second end. The at least one work-hardening section has a profile that either is cylindrical or is a portion of a sphere. The at least one work-hardening section defines a smooth working surface.

Abstract: A blade assembly for a torque converter includes a shell extending annularly about an axis and defining an inner surface and a plurality of blades arranged around the inner surface of the shell. The plurality of blades each include a curved portion contacting the inner surface. The plurality of blades each further include a brace including a first leg and a second leg each extending circumferentially from the curved portion relative to the axis. The second leg is radially spaced from the first leg relative to the axis. The plurality of blades each further include a tab disposed radially between the first leg and the second leg relative to the axis. The tab extends axially from the curved portion relative to the axis.

Abstract: An example method includes performing a machining operation by providing linear movement of a tool along a feed axis relative to a workpiece while superimposing oscillation of the tool onto the feed axis and providing rotation of the tool relative to the workpiece. During an optimization mode, the machining operation is performed on a first workpiece portion while providing the linear movement at an initial feed velocity, and sequentially superimposing the oscillating at a plurality of different frequencies. An optimal oscillation frequency is determined from the plurality of different frequencies which causes the tool to apply less force to the first workpiece portion at the initial feed velocity than others of the frequencies. During a run mode, the machining operation is performed on a second workpiece portion having a same composition as the first workpiece portion while superimposing the oscillation at the optimal oscillation frequency.

Abstract: An example method includes performing a machining operation by providing linear movement of a tool along a feed axis relative to a workpiece while superimposing oscillation of the tool onto the feed axis and providing rotation of the tool relative to the workpiece. During an optimization mode, the machining operation is performed on a first workpiece portion while providing the linear movement at an initial feed velocity, and sequentially superimposing the oscillating at a plurality of different frequencies. An optimal oscillation frequency is determined from the plurality of different frequencies which causes the tool to apply less force to the first workpiece portion at the initial feed velocity than others of the frequencies. During a run mode, the machining operation is performed on a second workpiece portion having a same composition as the first workpiece portion while superimposing the oscillation at the optimal oscillation frequency.

Abstract: An example method includes performing a machining operation by providing linear movement of a tool along a feed axis relative to a workpiece while superimposing oscillation of the tool onto the feed axis and providing rotation of the tool relative to the workpiece. During an optimization mode, the machining operation is performed on a first workpiece portion while providing the linear movement at an initial feed velocity, and sequentially superimposing the oscillating at a plurality of different frequencies. An optimal oscillation frequency is determined from the plurality of different frequencies which causes the tool to apply less force to the first workpiece portion at the initial feed velocity than others of the frequencies. During a run mode, the machining operation is performed on a second workpiece portion having a same composition as the first workpiece portion while superimposing the oscillation at the optimal oscillation frequency.

Abstract: An example method includes performing a machining operation by providing linear movement of a tool along a feed axis relative to a workpiece while superimposing oscillation of the tool onto the feed axis and providing rotation of the tool relative to the workpiece. During an optimization mode, the machining operation is performed on a first workpiece portion while providing the linear movement at an initial feed velocity, and sequentially superimposing the oscillating at a plurality of different frequencies. An optimal oscillation frequency is determined from the plurality of different frequencies which causes the tool to apply less force to the first workpiece portion at the initial feed velocity than others of the frequencies. During a run mode, the machining operation is performed on a second workpiece portion having a same composition as the first workpiece portion while superimposing the oscillation at the optimal oscillation frequency.

Abstract: A blade assembly is disclosed herein that avoids the issues associated with aligning mating parts formed on blades with the shell during assembly. The blade assembly disclosed herein eliminates the need for embossments or pierced slots on the shell, and the need for mating tabs on the blades. In one embodiment, the blade assembly includes a shell defining an inner surface, and a plurality of blades arranged around the inner surface of the shell. The plurality of blades each include at least one axially extending leg adapted to contact the inner surface of the shell, and the plurality of blades are attached to the shell via brazing.

Abstract: An example method includes performing a machining operation by providing linear movement of a tool along a feed axis relative to a workpiece while superimposing oscillation of the tool onto the feed axis and providing rotation of the tool relative to the workpiece. During an optimization mode, the machining operation is performed on a first workpiece portion while providing the linear movement at an initial feed velocity, and sequentially superimposing the oscillating at a plurality of different frequencies. An optimal oscillation frequency is determined from the plurality of different frequencies which causes the tool to apply less force to the first workpiece portion at the initial feed velocity than others of the frequencies. During a run mode, the machining operation is performed on a second workpiece portion having a same composition as the first workpiece portion while superimposing the oscillation at the optimal oscillation frequency.

Abstract: A blade family for torque converters with a first blade having a first shape and flow guiding surface and a second blade having a second shape and flow guiding surface. The first surface is different from the second surface and the first shape is the same as a portion of the second shape, or the second shape is the same as a portion of the second shape. In an example embodiment of the invention, at least one of the first or second blades includes holes or slots. In an example embodiment of the invention, the first blade includes more material than the second blade. The first and second blades may have respective mounting tabs, with the second blade having fewer mounting tabs than the first blade. Other example aspects of the present invention broadly comprise a torque converter with a plurality of first and/or second blades from the blade family.

Abstract: A blade family for torque converters with a first blade having a first shape and flow guiding surface and a second blade having a second shape and flow guiding surface. The first surface is different from the second surface and the first shape is the same as a portion of the second shape, or the second shape is the same as a portion of the second shape. In an example embodiment of the invention, at least one of the first or second blades includes holes or slots. In an example embodiment of the invention, the first blade includes more material than the second blade. The first and second blades may have respective mounting tabs, with the second blade having fewer mounting tabs than the first blade. Other example aspects of the present invention broadly comprise a torque converter with a plurality of first and/or second blades from the blade family.