Abstract: The invention provides a use of metal ferrite oxygen carrier for converting carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide or synthesis gas via three processes: catalytic dry reforming of methane, chemical looping dry reforming of fuel and promoting coal gasification with CO2. The metal ferrite oxygen carrier comprises MzFexOy, where MzFexOy is a chemical composition with 0<x?4, z>0 and 0<y?6 and M is one of Ca, Ba, and/or combinations thereof. For example, MzFexOy may be one of CaFe2O4, BaFe2O4, MgFe2O4, SrFe2O4 and/or combinations thereof. In catalytic dry reforming, methane and carbon dioxide react in the presence of metal ferrites generating a product stream comprising at least 50 vol. % CO and H2. In another embodiment, chemical looping dry reforming process where metal ferrite is reduced with a fuel and then oxidized with carbon dioxide is used for production of CO from carbon dioxide. In another embodiment, the metal ferrite is used as a promoter to produce CO continuously from coal gasification with CO2.

Abstract: The invention provides a use of metal ferrite oxygen carrier for converting carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide or synthesis gas via three processes: catalytic dry reforming of methane, chemical looping dry reforming of fuel and promoting coal gasification with CO2. The metal ferrite oxygen carrier comprises MzFexOy, where MzFexOy is a chemical composition with 0<x?4, z>0 and 0<y?6 and M is one of Ca, Ba, and/or combinations thereof. For example, MzFexOy may be one of CaFe2O4, BaFe2O4, MgFe2O4, SrFe2O4 and/or combinations thereof. In catalytic dry reforming, methane and carbon dioxide react in the presence of metal ferrites generating a product stream comprising at least 50 vol. % CO and H2. In another embodiment, chemical looping dry reforming process where metal ferrite is reduced with a fuel and then oxidized with carbon dioxide is used for production of CO from carbon dioxide. In another embodiment, the metal ferrite is used as a promoter to produce CO continuously from coal gasification with CO2.

Abstract: The invention provides a use of metal ferrite oxygen carrier for converting carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide or synthesis gas via three processes: catalytic dry reforming of methane, chemical looping dry reforming of fuel and promoting coal gasification with CO2. The metal ferrite oxygen carrier comprises MzFexOy, where MzFexOy is a chemical composition with 0<x?4, z>0 and 0<y?6 and M is one of Ca, Ba, and/or combinations thereof. For example, MzFexOy may be one of CaFe2O4, BaFe2O4, MgFe2O4, SrFe2O4 and/or combinations thereof. In catalytic dry reforming, methane and carbon dioxide react in the presence of metal ferrites generating a product stream comprising at least 50 vol. % CO and H2. In another embodiment, chemical looping dry reforming process where metal ferrite is reduced with a fuel and then oxidized with carbon dioxide is used for production of CO from carbon dioxide. In another embodiment, the metal ferrite is used as a promoter to produce CO continuously from coal gasification with CO2.

Abstract: Materials, methods to prepare, and methods of use for partial oxidation of methane. Embodiments include delivering a metal ferrite oxygen carrier to a fuel reactor, wherein the metal ferrite oxygen carrier comprises MFexOy where 1?x?3 and 3?y?5, and where M comprise a Group II alkali earth metals; and delivering a gaseous stream that contains methane to the metal ferrite oxygen carrier in the fuel reactor and maintaining the fuel reactor at a reducing temperature sufficient to reduce some portion of the metal ferrite oxygen carrier and oxidize some portion of the methane containing gas stream. Embodiments further include generating gaseous products containing H2 and CO gas in the fuel reactor; withdrawing a product stream from the fuel reactor, where the gaseous products comprise the product stream, and where at least >50 vol.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a metal ferrite oxygen carrier for the chemical looping combustion of solid carbonaceous fuels, such as coal, coke, coal and biomass char, and the like. The metal ferrite oxygen carrier comprises MFexOy, where MFexOy is a chemical composition with 1.5?x?2.5 and 3.5?y?4.5 and M is one of Ca, Ba, and combinations thereof. For example, MFexOy may be one of CaFe2O4, BaFe2O4, MgFe2O4. SrFe2O4 and combinations thereof. Mixing of the metal ferrite oxygen carrier and the solid carbonaceous fuel generates a product stream comprising at least 50 vol. % CO and H2. The MFexOy may be supported on an inert support. In an embodiment, the MFexOy comprises at least 30 wt. % of the metal ferrite oxygen carrier the inert support when present comprises from about 5 wt. % to about 60 wt. % of the metal ferrite oxygen carrier.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a tri-metallic ferrite oxygen carrier for the chemical looping combustion of carbonaceous fuels. The tri-metallic ferrite oxygen carrier comprises CuxFeyMnzO4-?, where CuxFeyMnzO4-? is a chemical composition. Generally, 0.5?x?2.0, 0.2?y?2.5, and 0.2?z?2.5, and in some embodiments, 0.8?x?1.2, y?1.2, and z?0.8. The tri-metallic ferrite oxygen carrier may be used in various applications for the combustion of carbonaceous fuels, including as an oxygen carrier for chemical looping combustion.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a metal ferrite oxygen carrier for the chemical looping combustion of solid carbonaceous fuels, such as coal, coke, coal and biomass char, and the like. The metal ferrite oxygen carrier comprises MFexOy on an inert support, where MFexOy is a chemical composition and M is one of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, Mn, and combinations thereof. For example, MFexOy may be one of MgFe2O4, CaFe2O4, SrFe2O4, BaFe2O4, CoFe2O4, MnFeO3, and combinations thereof. The MFexOy is supported on an inert support. The inert support disperses the MFexOy oxides to avoid agglomeration and improve performance stability. In an embodiment, the inert support comprises from about 5 wt. % to about 60 wt. % of the metal ferrite oxygen carrier and the MFexOy comprises at least 30 wt. % of the metal ferrite oxygen carrier. The metal ferrite oxygen carriers disclosed display improved reduction rates over Fe2O3, and improved oxidation rates over CuO.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an oxygen carrier for a chemical looping cycle, such as the chemical looping combustion of solid carbonaceous fuels, such as coal, coke, coal and biomass char, and the like. The oxygen carrier is comprised of at least 24 weight % (wt %) CuO, at least 10 wt % Fe2O3, and an inert support, and is typically a calcine. The oxygen carrier exhibits a CuO crystalline structure and an absence of iron oxide crystalline structures under XRD crystallography, and provides an improved and sustained combustion reactivity in the temperature range of 600° C.-1000° C. particularly for solid fuels such as carbon and coal.

Abstract: Method for the production of a CO2 sorbent prepared by integrating a clay substrate, basic alkali salt, amine liquid, hydraulic binder, and a liquid binder. The basic alkali salt is present relative to the clay substrate in a weight ratio of from about 1 part to about 50 parts per 100 parts of the clay substrate. The amine liquid is present relative to a clay-alkali combination in a weight ratio of from about 1 part to about 10 parts per 10 parts of the clay-alkali combination. The clay substrate and basic alkali salt may be combined in a solid-solid heterogeneous mixture and followed by introduction of the amine liquid. Alternatively, an alkaline solution may be blended with the amine solution prior to contacting the clay substrate. The clay-alkali-amine CO2 sorbent is particularly advantageous for low temperature CO2 removal cycles in a gas stream having a CO2 concentration less than around 2000 ppm and an oxygen concentration around 21%, such as air.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a clay-alkali-amine CO2 sorbent composition prepared by integrating a clay substrate, basic alkali salt, and amine liquid. The basic alkali salt is present relative to the clay substrate in a weight ratio of from about 1 part to about 50 parts per 100 parts of the clay substrate. The amine liquid is present relative to a clay-alkali combination in a weight ratio of from about 1 part to about 10 parts per 10 parts of the clay-alkali combination. The clay-alkali-amine C02 sorbent is particularly advantageous for low temperature CO2 removal cycles in a gas stream having a C02 concentration less than around 2000 ppm and an oxygen concentration around 21%, such as air.

Abstract: Method for the production of a clay-alkali-amine CO2 sorbent prepared by integrating a clay substrate, basic alkali salt, and amine liquid. The basic alkali salt is present relative to the clay substrate in a weight ratio of from about 1 part to about 50 parts per 100 parts of the clay substrate. The amine liquid is present relative to a clay-alkali combination in a weight ratio of from about 1 part to about 10 parts per 10 parts of the clay-alkali combination. The clay substrate and basic alkali salt may be combined in a solid-solid heterogeneous mixture and followed by introduction of the amine liquid. Alternatively, an alkaline solution may be blended with the amine solution prior to contacting the clay substrate. The clay-alkali-amine CO2 sorbent is particularly advantageous for low temperature CO2 removal cycles in a gas stream having a CO2 concentration less than around 2000 ppm and an oxygen concentration around 21%, such as air.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an apparatus and method utilizing fuel reactor comprised of a fuel section, an oxygen carrier section, and a porous divider separating the fuel section and the oxygen carrier section. The porous divider allows fluid communication between the fuel section and the oxygen carrier section while preventing the migration of solids of a particular size. Maintaining particle segregation between the oxygen carrier section and the fuel section during solid fuel gasification and combustion processes allows gases generated in either section to participate in necessary reactions while greatly mitigating issues associated with mixture of the oxygen carrier with char or ash products. The apparatus and method may be utilized with an oxygen uncoupling oxygen carrier such as CuO, Mn3O4, or Co3O4, or utilized with a CO/H2 reducing oxygen carrier such as Fe2O3.

Abstract: A method for the removal of H2O and CO2 from a gaseous stream comprising H2O and CO2, such as a flue gas. The method initially utilizes an H2O removal sorbent to remove some portion of the H2O, producing a dry gaseous stream and a wet H2O removal sorbent. The dry gaseous stream is subsequently contacted with a CO2 removal sorbent to remove some portion of the CO2, generating a dry CO2 reduced stream and a loaded CO2 removal sorbent. The loaded CO2 removal sorbent is subsequently heated to produce a heated CO2 stream. The wet H2O removal sorbent and the dry CO2 reduced stream are contacted in a first regeneration stage, generating a partially regenerated H2O removal sorbent, and the partially regenerated H2O removal sorbent and the heated CO2 stream are subsequently contacted in a second regeneration stage.

Abstract: Method for the production of a clay-alkali-amine CO2 sorbent prepared by integrating a clay substrate, basic alkali salt, and amine liquid. The basic alkali salt is present relative to the clay substrate in a weight ratio of from about 1 part to about 50 parts per 100 parts of the clay substrate. The amine liquid is present relative to a clay-alkali combination in a weight ratio of from about 1 part to about 10 parts per 10 parts of the clay-alkali combination. The clay substrate and basic alkali salt may be combined in a solid-solid heterogeneous mixture and followed by introduction of the amine liquid. Alternatively, an alkaline solution may be blended with the amine solution prior to contacting the clay substrate. The clay-alkali-amine CO2 sorbent is particularly advantageous for low temperature CO2 removal cycles in a gas stream having a CO2 concentration less than around 2000 ppm and an oxygen concentration around 21%, such as air.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an oxygen carrier comprised of a plurality of metal oxide particles in contact with a plurality of MgO promoter particles. The MgO promoter particles increase the reaction rate and oxygen utilization of the metal oxide when contacting with a gaseous hydrocarbon at a temperature greater than about 725° C. The promoted oxide solid is generally comprised of less than about 25 wt. % MgO, and may be prepared by physical mixing, incipient wetness impregnation, or other methods known in the art. The oxygen carrier exhibits a crystalline structure of the metal oxide and a crystalline structure of MgO under XRD crystallography, and retains these crystalline structures over subsequent redox cycles. In an embodiment, the metal oxide is Fe2O3, and the gaseous hydrocarbon is comprised of methane.

Abstract: The disclosure utilizes a hydroxide sorbent for humidification and CO2 removal from a gaseous stream comprised of CO and CO2 prior to entry into a water-gas-shift reactor, in order to decrease CO2 concentration and increase H2O concentration and shift the water-gas shift reaction toward the forward reaction products CO2 and H2. The hydroxide sorbent may be utilized for absorption of CO2 exiting the water-gas shift reactor, producing an enriched H2 stream. The disclosure further provides for regeneration of the hydroxide sorbent at temperature approximating water-gas shift conditions, and for utilizing H2O product liberated as a result of the CO2 absorption.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an oxygen carrier comprised of a plurality of metal oxide particles in contact with a plurality of MgO promoter particles. The MgO promoter particles increase the reaction rate and oxygen utilization of the metal oxide when contacting with a gaseous hydrocarbon at a temperature greater than about 725° C. The promoted oxide solid is generally comprised of less than about 25 wt. % MgO, and may be prepared by physical mixing, incipient wetness impregnation, or other methods known in the art. The oxygen carrier exhibits a crystalline structure of the metal oxide and a crystalline structure of MgO under XRD crystallography, and retains these crystalline structures over subsequent redox cycles. In an embodiment, the metal oxide is Fe2O3, and the gaseous hydrocarbon is comprised of methane.

Abstract: A process for CO2 separation using a regenerable Mg(OH)2 sorbent. The process absorbs CO2 through the formation of MgCO3 and releases water product H2O. The MgCO3 is partially regenerated through direct contact with steam, which acts to heat the magnesium carbonate to a higher temperature, provide heat duty required to decompose the magnesium carbonate to yield MgO and CO2, provide an H2O environment over the magnesium carbonate thereby shifting the equilibrium and increasing the potential for CO2 desorption, and supply H2O for rehydroxylation of a portion of the MgO. The mixture is polished in the absence of CO2 using water product H2O produced during the CO2 absorption to maintain sorbent capture capacity. The sorbent now comprised substantially of Mg(OH)2 is then available for further CO2 absorption duty in a cyclic process.

Abstract: A method for separating CO2 from a gas stream comprised of CO2 and other gaseous constituents using a zeolite sorbent in a swing-adsorption process, producing a high temperature CO2 stream at a higher CO2 pressure than the input gas stream. The method utilizes CO2 desorption in a CO2 atmosphere and effectively integrates heat transfers for optimizes overall efficiency. H2O adsorption does not preclude effective operation of the sorbent. The cycle may be incorporated in an IGCC for efficient pre-combustion CO2 capture. A particular application operates on shifted syngas at a temperature exceeding 200° C. and produces a dry CO2 stream at low temperature and high CO2 pressure, greatly reducing any compression energy requirements which may be subsequently required.

Abstract: A process for making a granular sorbent to capture carbon dioxide from gas streams comprising homogeneously mixing an alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal oxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkali titanate, alkali zirconate, alkali silicate and combinations thereof with a binder selected from the group consisting of sodium ortho silicate, calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H2O), alkali silicates, calcium aluminate, bentonite, inorganic clays and organic clays and combinations thereof and water; drying the mixture and placing the sorbent in a container permeable to a gas stream.