Abstract: Methods, associated algorithms, and systems for determining cardiac and/or cardiovascular performance from three measurements on a subject are presented, where two of the measurements are provided by plethysmographs and one measurement is provided by an electrocardiogram. The two plethysmographs are placed different distances from the subject's heart. Certain embodiments use the three measurements to calculate intermediate variables of a left ventricular ejection time and a pre-ejection period.

Abstract: Methods, associated algorithms, and systems for determining cardiac and/or cardiovascular performance from three measurements on a subject are presented, where two of the measurements are provided by plethysmographs and one measurement is provided by an electrocardiogram. The two plethysmographs are placed different distances from the subject's heart. Certain embodiments use the three measurements to calculate intermediate variables of a left ventricular ejection time and a pre-ejection period.

Abstract: A method for determining a cardiac function, comprising (i) determining base anatomical characteristics associated with the subject, (ii) determining pulse delay to a first body site (PD01) and a second body site (PD02) as a function of the anatomical characteristics, wherein the distance via the arterial tree from the aortic valve to the first body site (PD01) is different than the arterial tree distance from the aortic valve to the second body site (PD02), (iii) determining pulse wave velocity between the first body site and the second body site (PWV12), (iv) determining pulse wave velocity between the aortic valve and the first body site (PWV01) as a function of PWV12, and the anatomical characteristics; and (v) determining the pre-ejection period (PEP) as a function of PD01 and PWV01.

Abstract: Methods and associated algorithms for determining cardiac and/or cardiovascular performance that are based on at least one cardiac function determinant associated with or at least in part, reflective of preload, contractility and afterload.

Abstract: A physiological sensor apparatus, system and method for determining a physiological characteristic, comprising providing at least one physiological sensor that is adapted to measure at least one physiological characteristic at a target measurement site on a subject's body, heating an extended tissue region on the subject's body, whereby blood perfusion of the tissue region is enhanced, and measuring at least one physiological characteristic at the target measurement site with the physiological sensor during or within a predetermined period after heating the extended tissue region. In one embodiment, the sensor system includes at least one temperature algorithm that is adapted to adjust the heat applied to the extended tissue region based on the body's response to the heat stimuli.

Abstract: A non-invasive method of determining a physiological characteristic, comprising providing at least one physiological sensor that is adapted to measure at least one physiological characteristic at a target measurement site on a subject's body, heating an extended tissue region on the subject's body, whereby blood perfusion of the tissue region is enhanced, and measuring at least one physiological characteristic with the physiological sensor during or within a predetermined period after heating the extended tissue region.

Abstract: A method for determining a cardiac function, comprising (i) determining base anatomical characteristics associated with the subject, (ii) determining pulse delay to a first body site (PD01) and a second body site (PD02) as a function of the anatomical characteristics, wherein the distance via the arterial tree from the aortic valve to the first body site (PD01) is different than the arterial tree distance from the aortic valve to the second body site (PD02), (iii) determining pulse wave velocity between the first body site and the second body site (PWV12), (iv) determining pulse wave velocity between the aortic valve and the first body site (PWV01) as a function of PWV12, and the anatomical characteristics; and (v) determining the pre-ejection period (PEP) as a function of PD01 and PWV01.