Abstract: A security module (“SM”) implements user cryptographic data by means of a user terminal. The cryptographic data is encrypted by a first encryption key established from a secret key from the terminal and the user's authentication element and by a second encryption key specific to the SM. An authentication is performed between the SM and the terminal, based on an asymmetric cryptographic protocol, and, in the event of a positive authentication of the SM and the terminal, an authentication of the SM and the user is performed. In the event of positive authentication between the SM and the terminal and between the SM and the user, the SM obtains the user's cryptographic data, and the terminal calculates the first encryption key and sends the first encryption key to the SM. The user's cryptographic data is decrypted by the SM using the second encryption key and then the first encryption key.