Abstract: A demulsifying agent may comprise the structure R1 may be a hydrocarbyl group or heterohydrocarbyl group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. m may be from 2 to 10, n may be from 5 to 20, and p may be from 2 to 15. R2 may comprise a residue of propylene oxide. R3 may comprise a residue of glycidol. Embodiments of the present disclosure may further comprise methods of making the demulsifying agent and methods of using the demulsifying agent to demulsify a hydrocarbon emulsion.

Abstract: A subsurface formation may be acidized by a method that may comprise injecting an acidic treatment fluid into an subsurface formation through a tubing of an extraction well, thereby exposing at least a portion of the tubing to an acidic environment. At least a portion of the tubing may be contacted by a corrosion inhibitor compound that may have the general structure as described herein.

Abstract: A process for producing low-carbon methanol includes upgrading a natural gas stream in a methanol production unit to produce a methanol reactor effluent and introducing a captured CO2 feed stream, a low-carbon hydrogen feed stream, or both to a syngas synthesis section or to a syngas stream downstream of the syngas synthesis section and upstream of a methanol reactor of a methanol synthesis section. At least a portion of the methanol reactor effluent includes low-carbon methanol. The low-carbon methanol is a portion of total methanol in the methanol reactor effluent that is attributed to the introducing the captured CO2 feed stream, the low-carbon hydrogen feed stream, or both to the methanol production unit based on a mass balance certification basis, an energy balance certification basis, or a trace-the-atom certification basis. The low-carbon methanol can be used in an FCC system for producing low-carbon fuels and chemicals.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to oligo(ethylene glycol) alkyl acrylate-based copolymers that are useful as kinetic hydrate inhibitors. Also provided are methods of preventing or inhibiting the formation of gas hydrates in natural gas, such as in a sour gas environment, using the kinetic hydrate inhibitors.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon-containing mixture includes a hydrocarbon material including one or more hydrocarbon species, and further includes a corrosion inhibitor additive. Additionally, a method for inhibiting corrosion on a metal surface is disclosed herein.

Abstract: A subsurface formation may be acidized by a method that may comprise injecting an acidic treatment fluid into an subsurface formation through a tubing of an extraction well, thereby exposing at least a portion of the tubing to an acidic environment. At least a portion of the tubing may be contacted by a corrosion inhibitor compound that may have the general structure as described herein.

Abstract: A demulsifying agent may comprise the structure R1 may be a hydrocarbyl group or heterohydrocarbyl group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. m may be from 2 to 10, n may be from 5 to 20, and p may be from 2 to 15. R2 may comprise a residue of propylene oxide. R3 may comprise a residue of glycidol. Embodiments of the present disclosure may further comprise methods of making the demulsifying agent and methods of using the demulsifying agent to demulsify a hydrocarbon emulsion.

Abstract: A method for determining a salt concentration of a hydrocarbon fluid using a conductivity sensor and a hydrocarbon testing solution includes forming the hydrocarbon testing solution. The electropolymerizable monomer is operable to form a resultant associated polymer at a peak potential of the electropolymerizable polymer. The method includes introducing the hydrocarbon testing solution into the conductivity sensor. The method includes inducing a range of potential across the hydrocarbon testing solution such that at least a portion of the electropolymerizable monomer polymerizes. The range of induced potential includes the peak potential of the electropolymerizable polymer. The method includes detecting a range of electrical current associated with the range of potential induced. The method also includes the step of determining the salt concentration of the hydrocarbon fluid using the range of potential induced and the range of electrical current detected.

Abstract: An electrochemical polymerization based salt content analyzer configured to determine salt composition in a direct, fast, and serial manner. The salt content analyzer includes three electrodes: a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode. In operation, the current passing through the electrodes as a sweeping voltage is applied may be analyzed to determine the salt content of the analyte. The working electrode includes an access control mechanism to only expose a fraction of the working length of the working electrode to the outside environment at any given time. The access control mechanism is advanced between tests to expose a fresh portion of the working electrode. Thus, testing may be performed in a serial manner.

Abstract: A method for determining a salt concentration of a hydrocarbon fluid using a conductivity sensor and a hydrocarbon testing solution includes forming the hydrocarbon testing solution. The electropolymerizable monomer is operable to form a resultant associated polymer at a peak potential of the electropolymerizable polymer. The method includes introducing the hydrocarbon testing solution into the conductivity sensor. The method includes inducing a range of potential across the hydrocarbon testing solution such that at least a portion of the electropolymerizable monomer polymerizes. The range of induced potential includes the peak potential of the electropolymerizable polymer. The method includes detecting a range of electrical current associated with the range of potential induced. The method also includes the step of determining the salt concentration of the hydrocarbon fluid using the range of potential induced and the range of electrical current detected.

Abstract: A method for determining a salt concentration of a hydrocarbon fluid using a conductivity sensor and a hydrocarbon testing solution includes forming the hydrocarbon testing solution. The electropolymerizable monomer is operable to form a resultant associated polymer at a peak potential of the electropolymerizable polymer. The method includes introducing the hydrocarbon testing solution into the conductivity sensor. The method includes inducing a range of potential across the hydrocarbon testing solution such that at least a portion of the electropolymerizable monomer polymerizes. The range of induced potential includes the peak potential of the electropolymerizable polymer. The method includes detecting a range of electrical current associated with the range of potential induced. The method also includes the step of determining the salt concentration of the hydrocarbon fluid using the range of potential induced and the range of electrical current detected.

Abstract: A method for determining a salt concentration of a hydrocarbon fluid using a conductivity sensor and a hydrocarbon testing solution includes forming the hydrocarbon testing solution. The electropolymerizable monomer is operable to form a resultant associated polymer at a peak potential of the electropolymerizable polymer. The method includes introducing the hydrocarbon testing solution into the conductivity sensor. The method includes inducing a range of potential across the hydrocarbon testing solution such that at least a portion of the electropolymerizable monomer polymerizes. The range of induced potential includes the peak potential of the electropolymerizable polymer. The method includes detecting a range of electrical current associated with the range of potential induced. The method also includes the step of determining the salt concentration of the hydrocarbon fluid using the range of potential induced and the range of electrical current detected.

Abstract: An electrochemical polymerization based salt content analyzer configured to determine salt composition in a direct, fast, and serial manner. The salt content analyzer includes three electrodes: a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode. In operation, the current passing through the electrodes as a sweeping voltage is applied may be analyzed to determine the salt content of the analyte. The working electrode includes an access control mechanism to only expose a fraction of the working length of the working electrode to the outside environment at any given time. The access control mechanism is advanced between tests to expose a fresh portion of the working electrode. Thus, testing may be performed in a serial manner.

Abstract: A method for determining a salt concentration of a hydrocarbon fluid using a conductivity sensor and a hydrocarbon testing solution includes forming the hydrocarbon testing solution. The electropolymerizable monomer is operable to form a resultant associated polymer at a peak potential of the electropolymerizable polymer. The method includes introducing the hydrocarbon testing solution into the conductivity sensor. The method includes inducing a range of potential across the hydrocarbon testing solution such that at least a portion of the electropolymerizable monomer polymerizes. The range of induced potential includes the peak potential of the electropolymerizable polymer. The method includes detecting a range of electrical current associated with the range of potential induced. The method also includes the step of determining the salt concentration of the hydrocarbon fluid using the range of potential induced and the range of electrical current detected.

Abstract: An electrochemical polymerization based salt content analyzer configured to determine salt composition in a direct, fast, and serial manner. The salt content analyzer includes three electrodes: a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode. In operation, the current passing through the electrodes as a sweeping voltage is applied may be analyzed to determine the salt content of the analyte. When a voltage is applied, an electro-polymerizable monomer forms a thin film on the working electrode. The working electrode includes an access control mechanism to only expose a fraction of the working length of the working electrode to the outside environment at any given time. The access control mechanism is advanced between tests to expose a fresh portion of the working electrode and conceal the portion with a thin film of electro-polymerized monomer. Thus, testing may be performed in a serial manner.

Abstract: An electrochemical polymerization based salt content analyzer configured to determine salt composition in a direct, fast, and serial manner. The salt content analyzer includes three electrodes: a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode. In operation, the current passing through the electrodes as a sweeping voltage is applied may be analyzed to determine the salt content of the analyte. When a voltage is applied, an electro-polymerizable monomer forms a thin film on the working electrode. The working electrode includes an access control mechanism to only expose a fraction of the working length of the working electrode to the outside environment at any given time. The access control mechanism is advanced between tests to expose a fresh portion of the working electrode and conceal the portion with a thin film of electro-polymerized monomer. Thus, testing may be performed in a serial manner.

Abstract: A method for determining a salt concentration of a hydrocarbon fluid using a conductivity sensor and a hydrocarbon testing solution includes forming the hydrocarbon testing solution. The electropolymerizable monomer is operable to form a resultant associated polymer at a peak potential of the electropolymerizable polymer. The method includes introducing the hydrocarbon testing solution into the conductivity sensor. The method includes inducing a range of potential across the hydrocarbon testing solution such that at least a portion of the electropolymerizable monomer polymerizes. The range of induced potential includes the peak potential of the electropolymerizable polymer. The method includes detecting a range of electrical current associated with the range of potential induced. The method also includes the step of determining the salt concentration of the hydrocarbon fluid using the range of potential induced and the range of electrical current detected.