Abstract: The fuel properties of petroleum hydrocarbon waste having an API gravity varying from about 5 to 30 are improved by heating the hydrocarbon to a temperature of about 35° C. to 90° C. and mixing the heated hydrocarbon stream with a suitable solvent to reduce the viscosity of the hydrocarbon, which is then separated by a centrifuge to obtain an aqueous phase stream, an oil phase stream, and a separated solids stream. The oil phase stream has a viscosity range of about 250 centipoise (cP) to about 1000 cP. The oil phase stream is utilized in a refinery, while a slurry fuel is prepared with the separated solids stream and aqueous phase stream as a feedstock for road asphalt, a fuel for a combustor, or a fuel for a gasification process. The oil phase stream is used for fuels and feedstock for making carbon fiber.

Abstract: A dynamic water/oil demulsification system for a gas-oil separation plant (GOSP) includes: an in-line microwave treatment subsystem upstream of one or more of each of a dehydrator vessel, desalter vessel and/or water/oil separator vessel, each of which vessels receives a water-oil emulsion; sensors that monitor and transmit data corresponding to properties of the water-oil emulsion in or downstream of the respective vessel(s); and a processor/controller associated with the in-line microwave treatment subsystem that initiates the application of microwave energy to the emulsion(s) based on the data from the sensors.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy sulfur-containing crude oil into lighter crude oil with lower sulfur content and lower molecular weight is provided. The process is a low-temperature process using controlled cavitation.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy sulfur-containing crude oil into lighter crude oil with lower sulfur content and lower molecular weight is provided. The process is a low-temperature process using controlled cavitation.

Abstract: Petroleum oil is catalytically cracked by contacting oil with catalyst mixture consisting of a base cracking catalyst containing an stable Y-type zeolite and small amounts of rare-earth metal oxide, and an additive containing a shape-selective zeolite, in an FCC apparatus having a regeneration zone, a separation zone, and a stripping zone. Production of light-fraction olefins is maximized by applying appropriate process control, monitoring, and optimizing systems. Mathematical process models, including neural networks, statistical models and finite impulse models are used in conjunction with advanced controllers and optimizing routines to calculate optimal settings for various parameters. Process model and historical data to test a predictive system can provide early warning of potential performance degradation and equipment failure in the FCC unit, decreasing overall operating costs and increasing plant safety.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy sulfur-containing crude oil into lighter crude oil with lower sulfur content and lower molecular weight is provided. The process is a low-temperature process using controlled cavitation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of an endothelial receptor antagonist. The present invention particularly relates to synthesis of 4-tert-butyl-N-[6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-(2-pyrimidinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]benzene sulfonamide (bosentan).

Abstract: A process for converting heavy sulfur-containing crude oil into lighter crude oil with lower sulfur content and lower molecular weight is provided. The process is a low-temperature process using controlled cavitation.

Abstract: Apparatus for enhancing combustion of an undesired chemical to minimize the formation of smoke during operation of a flare stack for the discharge of a flare feedstream includes a plurality of high-pressure air nozzles spaced apart below and around the periphery of the stack outlet. Each nozzle is directed toward the stack outlet and in the direction of the feedstream's movement. High-pressure air from the nozzles forms a plurality of high-velocity air jets to produce a moving air mass that draws additional atmospheric air into the air mass moving toward the stack outlet to enhance combustion of the flare feedstream. Analytical means determine the stoichiometric oxygen requirements, and an air-flow valve controls the flow rate of the high-pressure air to the nozzles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the cracking of a petroleum oil feedstock to produce a desulfurized full-range gasoline product. The petroleum oil feedstock is contacted with a base cracking catalyst and an FCC additive in an FCC unit, wherein the catalyst includes a stable Y-type zeolite and a rare-earth metal oxide and the additive includes a shape selective zeolite. The catalyst, additive and petroleum oil feedstock can be contacted in a down-flow or riser fluid catalytic cracking unit, that can also include a regeneration zone, a separation zone, and a stripping zone. The FCC unit includes an integrated control and monitoring system that monitors at least one parameter selected from FCC operating parameters, feed rate, feedstock properties, and product stream properties, and adjusts at least one parameter in response to the measured parameter to increase production of desulfurized products.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy sulfur-containing crude oil into lighter crude oil with lower sulfur content and lower molecular weight is provided. The process is a low-temperature process using controlled cavitation.

Abstract: With an aim to optimize propylene production, petroleum oil is catalytically cracked by contacting the oil with catalyst mixture consisting of a base cracking catalyst containing an stable Y-type zeolite and small amounts of rare-earth metal oxide, and an additive containing a shape-selective zeolite, in an up-flow type fluid catalytic cracking apparatus having a regeneration zone, a separation zone, and a stripping zone. According to this fluid catalytic cracking process, the production of light-fraction olefins such as propylene is maximized by applying appropriate process control, monitoring, and optimizing systems. The present invention provides mathematical process models, including: neural networks, statistical models and finite impulse models. These various mathematical process models are used in conjunction with advanced controllers and optimizing routines to calculate optimal settings for various process parameters.

Abstract: Apparatus for enhancing combustion of an undesired chemical to minimize the formation of smoke during operation of a flare stack for the discharge of a flare feedstream includes a plurality of high-pressure air nozzles spaced apart below and around the periphery of the stack outlet. Each nozzle is directed toward the stack outlet and in the direction of the feedstream's movement. High-pressure air from the nozzles forms a plurality of high-velocity air jets to produce a moving air mass that draws additional atmospheric air into the air mass moving toward the stack outlet to enhance combustion of the flare feedstream. Analytical means determine the stoichiometric oxygen requirements, and an air-flow valve controls the flow rate of the high-pressure air to the nozzles.

Abstract: With an aim to optimize propylene production, petroleum oil such as gas oil is catalytically cracked by contacting the oil with catalyst mixture consisting of a base cracking catalyst containing an stable Y-type zeolite and small amounts of rare-earth metal oxide, and an additive containing a shape-selective zeolite, in a down-flow type fluid catalytic cracking apparatus having a regeneration zone, a separation zone, and a stripping zone, wherein conversion of hydrocarbon occurs under relatively severe conditions. According to this fluid catalytic cracking process, the production of light-fraction olefins such as propylene is maximized by applying appropriate process control, monitoring, and optimizing systems. Process model and historical data to test a predictive system can provide early warning of potential performance degradation and equipment failure in the FCC unit.

Abstract: High-pressure air is discharged in the form of jets moving at a high velocity from nozzles mounted on a ring around the interior of the flare stack, placed at a predetermined distance from the flare tip and the portion of the surrounding stack wall downstream of the jets is perforated with air passages to admit atmospheric air. The high-velocity air movement induces a larger volume of air from the atmosphere to enter the stack where it rises to the flame zone, thereby lifting the flame and enhancing turbulent mixing of air and gas in the flame zone. Adequate stoichiometric amounts of oxygen to assure complete combustion are determined by measuring any variations of the mass flow rate of the fuel gas and/or undesired chemical and effecting a corresponding adjustment of an air flow control valve to admit a predetermined amount of pressurized air and/or atmospheric air to the flaring tip.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of high purity hydrogen for recycling to a hydroprocessing or similar unit located in an integrated refinery facility includes sampling and providing analytical information on the make-up of the hydrogen-containing feedstream entering the bottom of a stripping column and the composition of the hydrogen recycle stream at, and/or approaching the top of the stripping column to a computer-directed control system in real time for the purpose of controlling the selection and the volumetric flow rate of one or more “refinery solvents” into the column to maximize the removal of non-hydrogen gases from the feedstream and to thereby maximize the percentage of hydrogen in the recycle gas stream.

Abstract: A process for the production of 7-[2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-syn-methoxyimino-acetamido]-3-acetoxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (Cefotaxime) in aqueous isopropyl alcohol is provided. The synthesis provides the product in greater than 99 % HPLC purity.

Abstract: The present invention describes an improved method for the preparation of Entacapone, (E)-N,N-diethyl-2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acrylamide, polymorphic Form A, which is an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme. The method provides pure (E)-isomer of Entacapone Form A.

Abstract: High-pressure air is discharged in the form of jets moving at a high velocity from nozzles mounted on a ring around the interior of the flare stack, placed at a predetermined distance from the flare tip and the portion of the surrounding stack wall downstream of the jets is perforated with air passages to admit atmospheric air. The high-velocity air movement induces a larger volume of air from the atmosphere to enter the stack where it rises to the flame zone, thereby lifting the flame and enhancing turbulent mixing of air and gas in the flame zone. Adequate stoichiometric amounts of oxygen to assure complete combustion are determined by measuring any variations of the mass flow rate of the fuel gas and/or undesired chemical and effecting a corresponding adjustment of an air flow control valve to admit a predetermined amount of pressurized air and/or atmospheric air to the flaring tip.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of high purity hydrogen for recycling to a hydroprocessing or similar unit located in an integrated refinery facility includes sampling and providing analytical information on the make-up of the hydrogen-containing feedstream entering the bottom of a stripping column and the composition of the hydrogen recycle stream at, and/or approaching the top of the stripping column to a computer-directed control system in real time for the purpose of controlling the selection and the volumetric flow rate of one or more “refinery solvents” into the column to maximize the removal of non-hydrogen gases from the feedstream and to thereby maximize the percentage of hydrogen in the recycle gas stream.