Abstract: A composition, process and apparatuses for removal of one or more contaminant anions from water are provided. In an embodiment, the process includes treating the water with a composition comprising a layered metal hydroxy salt, wherein the layered metal hydroxy salt is a compound comprising (a) a metal (b) a framework hydroxide, and (c) a replaceable anion.

Abstract: The invention provides a bound sulfided metal containing metals such as nickel, cobalt, iron manganese or zinc for removing selenocyanate from aqueous streams. The binder may be alumina, silica, clay or metal oxide. The amount of sulfur in the bound sulfided metal may range from 5-75% by weight. In one embodiment, the bound sulfided metal is formed and reduced and placed in a column system that comprises one or more columns and may comprise a Lead-Lag1-Lag2-Polisher series of columns.

Abstract: A composition, process and apparatuses for removal of one or more contaminant anions from water are provided. In an embodiment, the process includes treating the water with a composition comprising a layered metal hydroxy salt, wherein the layered metal hydroxy salt is a compound comprising (a) a metal (b) a framework hydroxide, and (c) a replaceable anion.

Abstract: There is provided a composition comprising tannin containing hydroxyl groups which has been (a) chemically modified by reaction of at least one of said hydroxyl groups with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an esterification agent (e.g. acetic anhydride), etherification agent (e.g. dichloromethane or quaternary organic amine such as N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride) to form the corresponding ester, or ether, through said hydroxyl group, and (b) derivatized. The chemically modified tannin is derivatized by reaction with aldehyhde (e.g. formaldehyde), or aldehyde and at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia and organic amine containing at least one primary or secondary nitrogen (e.g. cyclohexyl amine); said derivatized tannin being water soluble or dispersable at a pH below 7 and water insoluble at a pH above 7.

Abstract: There is provided a composition comprising tannin containing hydroxyl groups which has been (a) chemically modified by reaction of at least one of said hydroxyl groups with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an esterification agent (e.g. acetic anhydride), etherification agent (e.g. dichloromethane or quaternary organic amine such as N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride) to form the corresponding ester, or ether, through said hydroxyl group, and (b) derivatized. The chemically modified tannin is derivatized by reaction with aldehyhde (e.g. formaldehyde), or aldehyde and at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia and organic amine containing at least one primary or secondary nitrogen (e.g. cyclohexyl amine); said derivatized tannin being water soluble or dispersable at a pH below 7 and water insoluble at a pH above 7.

Abstract: There is provided a composition comprising tannin containing hydroxyl groups which has been (a) chemically modified by reaction of at least one of said hydroxyl groups with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an esterification agent (e.g. acetic anhydride), etherification agent (e.g. dichloromethane or quaternary organic amine such as N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride) to form the corresponding ester, or ether, through said hydroxyl group, and (b) derivatized. The chemically modified tannin is derivatized by reaction with aldehyhde (e.g. formaldehyde), or aldehyde and at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia and organic amine containing at least one primary or secondary nitrogen (e.g. cyclohexyl amine); said derivatized tannin being water soluble or dispersable at a pH below 7 and water insoluble at a pH above 7.