Patents by Inventor Ravi Saraf
Ravi Saraf has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 10962470Abstract: Apparatus and methodology to measure the amplitude of oscillation of differential reflectivity from an electrode surface in contact with liquid with dissolved ions upon applying an oscillatory potential between the said electrode and the said liquid, where the differential reflectivity is a set of optical properties comprised of a change in intensity and phase of the oscillation of reflected light intensity relative to the incident light and a change in polarization of the reflected light. Analysis of the reflected beam may be used to determine various parameters of the electrochemical processes.Type: GrantFiled: March 7, 2018Date of Patent: March 30, 2021Inventors: Ravi Saraf, Abhijeet Prasad
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Patent number: 10815521Abstract: An electrochemical microarray chip to detect specific sequences of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) target molecules in solution using a microarray of microspots of probe molecules immobilized on an electrode. The chip pertains to both regulating the immunospecific binding to the array of probes on the electrode and their subsequent detection on the microarray spots on the monolith electrode by electrochemical methods. The device can quantitatively measure the concentration of target molecules of specific sequence at high specificity and high sensitivity.Type: GrantFiled: March 12, 2018Date of Patent: October 27, 2020Inventors: Ravi Saraf, Abhijeet Prasad, Shobana Raghunath, Rahul Tevatia
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Patent number: 7826060Abstract: The present invention directly measures localized electrochemical processes on a planar electrode using differential interferometry. The ionic charge accumulation at the electrode-electrolyte interface may be directly measured by using differential interferometry as a function of magnitude and frequency (for example, 2-50 kHz) of an external potential applied on an electrode. Methods in accordance with the present invention probe the ion dynamics confined to the electrical double layer. An electric field is applied using a pure AC potential and a superposition of AC and DC-ramp potential to measure ion concentration and detect redox processes.Type: GrantFiled: June 2, 2008Date of Patent: November 2, 2010Assignee: NUtech VenturesInventors: Ravi Saraf, Gaurav Singh
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Publication number: 20100243984Abstract: This invention is directed toward a bioelectronic cell gated nanodevice. The bioelectronic cell gated nanodevice comprises a plurality of bioelectric cells deposited on a fiber of a nanodevice. The bioelectronic cells of the nanodevice act as a gate, allowing current to be transmitted when the bioelectronic cells are exposed to an actuating chemical. The present invention also provides methods for constructing such a device.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 18, 2006Publication date: September 30, 2010Applicant: Board of Regents of University of NebraskaInventors: Ravi Saraf, Sanjun Niu, Mehmet Inan, Vikas Berry
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Publication number: 20090316157Abstract: The present invention directly measures localized electrochemical processes on a planar electrode using differential interferometry. The ionic charge accumulation at the electrode-electrolyte interface may be directly measured by using differential interferometry as a function of magnitude and frequency (for example, 2-50 kHz) of an external potential applied on an electrode. Methods in accordance with the present invention probe the ion dynamics confined to the electrical double layer. An electric field is applied using a pure AC potential and a superposition of AC and DC-ramp potential to measure ion concentration and detect redox processes.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 2, 2008Publication date: December 24, 2009Applicant: Board of Regents of the University of NebraskaInventors: Ravi Saraf, Gaurav Singh
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Patent number: 7585431Abstract: This invention is concerned with an electrically conductive polymer blend composition which is a liquid compatible blend, comprising a doped product formed form blending a first solution comprising a Lewis base electrically conductive polymer in undoped form in a first organic solvent with a second solution comprising a Lewis acid polymer dopant in a second organic solvent, wherein said Lewis acid polymer dopant dopes said Lewis base electrically conductive polymer in undoped form to obtain said electrically conductive polymer blend, the resulting doped conductive product being soluble in the combination of said first and said second organic solvents and mixable at the molecular level.Type: GrantFiled: September 7, 1993Date of Patent: September 8, 2009Assignee: International Business Machine CorporationInventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Marie Angelopoulos, Vincent Albert Bourgault, Liam David Comerford, Michael Wayne Mirre, Steven Earle Molis, Ravi Saraf, Jane Margaret Shaw, Peter Joseph Spellane, Niranjan Mohanlal Patel
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Publication number: 20080108516Abstract: A method for forming a biological chemical tag. At least one double stranded DNA molecule is provided. At least a portion of the at least one double stranded DNA molecule is denatured. At least one chemical moiety that prohibits recrystallization of the at least one denatured portion to which the at least one chemical moiety is attached is attached to at least one nucleotide in the at least one denatured portion of the at least one double stranded DNA molecule.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 30, 2007Publication date: May 8, 2008Applicant: International Business Machines CorporationInventor: Ravi Saraf
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Patent number: 6662430Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming an antenna and a radio frequency transponder. The method comprises the steps of (1) forming a paste comprising metal powder, polymeric material, and solvent; and (2) screening the paste through a screen onto a substrate. Additional steps couple electrical components to the paste and dry the paste.Type: GrantFiled: June 18, 2001Date of Patent: December 16, 2003Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Michael John Brady, Ravi Saraf, Judy Rubino
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Patent number: 6552339Abstract: A goniometer for performing scanning probe microscopy on a substrate surface is disclosed. The goniometer has a cantilever, having a cantilevered end and a supported end and a tip disposed at the cantilevered end of the cantilever. The goniometer also has a block disposed at the supported end of the cantilever. The block has at least one pair of piezoelectric layers, a pair of electrodes disposed about each individual piezoelectric layer such that varying a potential difference applied between the individual electrodes of a pair of electrodes causes the corresponding piezoelectric layer to deform, and a first insulating material disposed between the individual electrodes for insulating the individual electrodes from each other. The individual piezoelectric layers are deformed at different rates resulting in a deformity of the block and tilting of the cantilever and tip connected therewith.Type: GrantFiled: May 17, 2000Date of Patent: April 22, 2003Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Arunava Gupta, Ravi Saraf
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Publication number: 20030013185Abstract: A device for detecting molecular binding events rapidly and at very high sensitivity is provided. The device molecular binding material (such as DNA or protein) positioned in a conductive path between electrodes. Binding of a ligand to the binding material is detected as a change in a frequency response in applied oscillatory field. The device may also contain an optical measurement system (based, for example, on a laser) which detects the change in thickness of the molecular binding material under an applied oscillatory field with and without a bound material of interest.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 13, 2002Publication date: January 16, 2003Inventor: Ravi Saraf
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Patent number: 6271793Abstract: An antenna composed of composite material which can be screen printed is proposed for RFID transponders and other RF communication systems.Type: GrantFiled: November 5, 1999Date of Patent: August 7, 2001Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Michael John Brady, Ravi Saraf, Judy Rubino
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Patent number: 6236589Abstract: A storage media for storing information having a substrate. The substrate has an upper surface and a molecular weight greater than 5,000. Preferably the material is a polymer. The material has a plurality of piles of molecular chains in selected areas formed by pushing the molecular chains of the material on its upper surface to the selected area mechanically with a mechanical tool. The piles represent written information. The mechanical tool is preferably an atomic force microscope. Another aspect of the present invention is a method for storing information having the steps of selecting a material substrate having an upper surface and pushing molecules on the upper surface into a molecular pile at selected locations.Type: GrantFiled: May 26, 1999Date of Patent: May 22, 2001Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Arunava Gupta, Ravi Saraf
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Patent number: 6168732Abstract: The present invention relates to electrically conductive polymer blend compositions comprising a non-conducting polymeric component and an electrically conducting polymeric component and specific applications to which the blend compositions can be put.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 1998Date of Patent: January 2, 2001Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Ali Afzali Ardakani, Marie Angelopoulos, Vincent Albert Bourgault, Liam David Comerford, Michael Wayne Mirre, Steven Earle Molis, Ravi Saraf, Jane Margaret Shaw, Peter Joseph Spellane, Niranjan Mohanlal Patel
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Patent number: 6149840Abstract: A polymer blend composition, capable of being made electrically conductive by application of heat having an electrically conductive upon doping polymer in undoped form; the undoped polymer is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted polyparaphenylenevinylenes, polyanilines, polyazines, polythiophenes, poly-p-phenylene sulfides, polyfuranes, polyselenophenes, polyacetylenes filtered from soluble precursors and combinations and blends thereof, compounded and blended at a molecular scale with a dielectric polymer; wherein the dielectric polymer is selected from the group consisting of interpolymers of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, acetal acrylic liquid crystal polymers, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyester, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyvinychloride, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, fluoropolymers, nylon polyesters, and thermoplasticType: GrantFiled: September 29, 1997Date of Patent: November 21, 2000Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Ali Afzali Ardakani, Marie Angelopoulos, Vincent Albert Bourgault, Liam David Comerford, Michael Wayne Mirre, Steven Earle Molis, Ravi Saraf, Jane Margaret Shaw, Peter Joseph Spellane, Niranjan Mohanlal Patel
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Patent number: 6100523Abstract: A goniometer for performing scanning probe microscopy on a substrate surface is disclosed. The goniometer has a cantilever, having a cantilevered end and a supported end and a tip disposed at the cantilevered end of the cantilever. The goniometer also has a block disposed at the supported end of the cantilever. The block has at least one pair of piezoelectric layers, a pair of electrodes disposed about each individual piezoelectric layer such that varying a potential difference applied between the individual electrodes of a pair of electrodes causes the corresponding piezoelectric layer to deform, and a first insulating material disposed between the individual electrodes for insulating the individual electrodes from each other. The individual piezoelectric layers are deformed at different rates resulting in a deformity of the block and tilting of the cantilever and tip connected therewith.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 1997Date of Patent: August 8, 2000Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Arunava Gupta, Ravi Saraf
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Patent number: 6017618Abstract: A storage media for storing information having a substrate. The substrate has an upper surface and a molecular weight greater than 5,000. Preferably the material is a polymer. The material has a plurality of piles of molecular chains in selected areas formed by pushing the molecular chains of the material on its upper surface to the selected area mechanically with a mechanical tool. The piles represent written information. The mechanical tool is preferably an atomic force microscope. Another aspect of the present invention is a method for storing information having the steps of selecting a material substrate having an upper surface and pushing molecules on the upper surface into a molecular pile at selected locations.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 1997Date of Patent: January 25, 2000Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Arunava Gupta, Ravi Saraf
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Patent number: 5747101Abstract: A simple process for card assembly by Direct Chip Attachment (DCA) uses electrically conductive adhesives. Two methods create the same intermediate wafer product with a layer of insulative thermoplastic and conductive thermoplastic bumps. After sawing or dicing the wafer to form the chips, the chips are adhered to chip carriers with conductive pads which match the conductive thermoplastic bumps, using heat and pressure. Chips may be easily removed and replaced using heat.Type: GrantFiled: April 9, 1996Date of Patent: May 5, 1998Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Richard B. Booth, Michael A. Gaynes, Robert M. Murcko, Viswanadham Puligandla, Judith M. Roldan, Ravi Saraf, Jerzy M. Zalesinski
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Patent number: 5545429Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process of a method for the full metallization of thru-holes in a polymer structure comprising the steps of applying a film-forming amount of a conductive polymer-metal composite paste to a metal cathode; bonding a patterned polymer structure to said paste; subjecting said polymer structure to an electrolytic plating bath for a time sufficient to fully metallize thru-hole surfaces in said patterned polymer structure and removing the structure from the cathode assembly. The fully metallized thru-hole polymer structure can then be cleaned and polished to produce a finished product.Type: GrantFiled: July 1, 1994Date of Patent: August 13, 1996Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Richard B. Booth, Emanuel I. Cooper, Edward A. Giess, Mark R. Kordus, Sol Krongelb, Steven P. Ostrander, Judith M. Roldan, Carlos J. Sambucetti, Ravi Saraf
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Patent number: 5543585Abstract: A simple process for card assembly by Direct Chip Attachment (DCA) uses electrically conductive adhesives. Two methods create the same intermediate wafer product with a layer of insulative thermoplastic and conductive thermoplastic bumps. After sawing or dicing the wafer to form the chips, the chips are adhered to chip carriers with conductive pads which match the conductive thermoplastic bumps, using heat and pressure. Chips may be easily removed and replaced using heat.Type: GrantFiled: February 2, 1994Date of Patent: August 6, 1996Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Richard B. Booth, Michael A. Gaynes, Robert M. Murco, Viswanadham Puligandla, Judith M. Roldan, Ravi Saraf, Jerzy M. Zalesinski
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Patent number: 5314709Abstract: The present invention relates to a dry process for forming patterns on a substrate. More particularly, the process contemplates coating an unzippable polymer film with a small amount of desirable UV if required on a substrate; laser ablating said film into a desired pattern or mask; screening a conductive or resistive paste onto the substrate through the ablated features of said mask; heating said substrate and mask to the unzipping temperature of said mask; and, vaporizing said mask and UV absorbing dye if present leaving behind the solid of said conductive or resistive past adhered to the substrate in the desired pattern.Type: GrantFiled: March 20, 1991Date of Patent: May 24, 1994Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Fuad E. Doany, Gary W. Grube, Ravi Saraf