Abstract: A tool is configured to form a composite charge into a stringer having a net shape with at least one out-of-place feature. The out-of-plane feature is formed by a shim removably attached to the tool. A family of the shims may be used to form a range of out-of-plane features having varying characteristics.

Abstract: A tubular material application system for applying a tubular material onto an elongate mandrel includes a gripper system including a first gripper and a second gripper configured to move with inchworm-type movement along an elongated mandrel and incrementally apply a tubular material onto the mandrel to thereby result in a tubular material-mandrel assembly.

Abstract: A system for preparing a bladder for use in manufacturing a composite stringer includes a sock application station, a film application station, and a composite ply application station. The sock application station has a sock cartridge configured to progressively apply a breather sock of breather material in tubular form onto a bladder as the bladder exits the sock cartridge to thereby result in a sock-bladder assembly. The film application station is located downstream of the sock application station and is configured to inflate a film from a flat shape into an open film tube prior to application over the sock-bladder assembly to thereby result in a film-sock-bladder assembly.

Abstract: A manufacturing system for laying up a stringer laminate includes a lamination surface and a plurality of lamination heads including a frame filler outer ply lamination head for laying up (e.g., laminating) frame filler bottom ply at a plurality of frame filler locations. Also included is at least one frame filler inner ply lamination head for laying up one or more frame filler inner plies over a protruding portion of the frame filler bottom ply at each frame filler location. Further included is at least one stringer body lamination head laying up one or more stringer body plies defining a stringer body portion extending along the lamination surface. A frame filler outer ply lamination head is configured to lay up a frame filler top ply at each frame filler location such that the frame filler inner plies are captured between a frame filler bottom ply and a frame filler top ply.

Abstract: A membrane assembly for vacuum bagging includes an elongate sheet of flexible material capable of being rolled up into a cylindrical configuration and unrolled from the cylindrical configuration into a flattened-out configuration, a bistable tape spring attached to or captured by the elongate sheet, and an inflatable tube attached to or captured by the elongate sheet. The bistable tape spring has a first stable state which is a straightened-out state, a second stable state which is a rolled-up state, and a transition state between the first and second stable states. The inflatable tube is sealed at one end and has an orifice at the other end for admission of a fluid therethrough for inflation of the inflatable tube.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems for manufacturing curved composite stringers. Such composite stringers may have in-plane and/or out-of-plane bends, which are formed while shaping composite charges. Specifically, a composite charge is shaped using a pallet, comprising a plurality of independent pallet portions, rotatably coupled to each other. A hat portion is formed when a part of this charge is conformed to a cavity in the pallet. The pallet portions are rotated relative to each other while forming the hat portion and/or when the hat portion already conforms to the cavity. In some examples, the die is bent together with the charge, when the pallet portions are rotated. This rotation produces one or more of in-plane and/or out-of-plane bends. In some examples, flange portions of the composite charge are positioned in a temporary orientation, e.g., to enable bending of the charge and reduce wrinkles.

Abstract: Provided are methods and devices for supporting of variety of different pre-cured composite stringers after forming and prior to curing. A post-forming processing device comprises a base with a channel for receiving hat portions of different stringers. The device also comprises a support structure, at least partially extending within the channel. The support structure is configured to conform to different hat portions and to retain the shape of these hat portions. For example, the support structure is made from a flexible material, which conforms to any shape variations. In some examples, the support structure is made from a jamming material that is reshaped together with each of the pre-cured composite stringers. A post-forming processing device is used for supporting different pre-cured composite stringers while various operations are performed on these stringers, such as stringer trimming, inspection, installation of bladders and noodles, and the like.

Abstract: A manufacturing system includes a first mandrel, a second mandrel, and laminate securing mechanisms. The first mandrel has a first mandrel surface and a first mandrel surface edge. The second mandrel has a second mandrel surface and a second mandrel surface edge, and is positionable in a closed position in which the first mandrel surface edge and the second mandrel surface edge are in contact to form a continuous mandrel surface collectively defined by the first mandrel surface and the second mandrel surface. The second mandrel translates to an open position defining a gap between the first mandrel surface edge and the second mandrel surface edge for receiving a forming die. The laminate securing mechanisms secure the composite laminate on at least one of the first mandrel and the second mandrel during trimming and/or forming of the composite laminate.

Abstract: A manufacturing system includes a plurality of lamination heads and a head-moving system defining a continuous loop lamination path configured to move the lamination heads in series along the lamination path. The manufacturing system also includes at least one lamination mandrel positioned along a portion of the lamination path. The lamination heads are each configured to dispense a layup material onto the at least one lamination mandrel or onto layup material previously applied onto the lamination mandrel while the lamination heads are moved by the head-moving system through one or more revolutions of the lamination path to lay up a composite laminate.

Abstract: A lamination head having bi-directional layup capability has a material supply drum configured to support a material roll of backed material which is comprised of layup material backed by a backing layer. A backing layer separation assembly receives the backed material from the material supply drum and has a backing layer directional control device and first and second backing layer separation mechanisms. The backing layer directional control device in the first mode separation position is aligned with the first backing layer separation mechanism for separating the backing layer from the layup material as the lamination head moves along a first direction of travel. The backing layer directional control device in the second mode separation position is aligned with the second backing layer separation mechanism for separating the backing layer from the layup material as the lamination head moves along a second direction of travel.

Abstract: A manufacturing system for laying up a stringer laminate includes a lamination surface and a plurality of lamination heads including a frame filler outer ply lamination head for laying up (e.g., laminating) frame filler bottom ply at a plurality of frame filler locations. Also included is at least one frame filler inner ply lamination head for laying up one or more frame filler inner plies over a protruding portion of the frame filler bottom ply at each frame filler location. Further included is at least one stringer body lamination head laying up one or more stringer body plies defining a stringer body portion extending along the lamination surface. A frame filler outer ply lamination head is configured to lay up a frame filler top ply at each frame filler location such that the frame filler inner plies are captured between a frame filler bottom ply and a frame filler top ply.

Abstract: A system for manufacturing a composite assembly includes a first mandrel, a second mandrel, a first wrap plate, and a second wrap plate. The first wrap plate and the second wrap plate are positionable in side-by-side relation for receiving a wrap material stack. The first wrap plate and/or the second wrap plate are translatable to a wrap plate open position defining a wrap plate gap between the first and second wrap plate surface edge for receiving a bladder. The second mandrel is translatable to a mandrel open position defining a mandrel gap between the first and second mandrel surface edge. The wrap plate gap and the mandrel gap are configured to receive the wrap material stack formed around a bladder. The first and second wrap plate are configured to fold a first and second material stack base portion into overlapping relation with each other on the bladder top.

Abstract: A lamination head has a material supply drum, a backing layer collection drum, and a backing layer separation assembly. The material supply drum supports a material roll of backed material comprising layup material backed by a backing layer. The backing layer collection drum moves from a collection drum home position to a collection drum engagement position proximate the material supply drum, engage a backing layer leading edge on the material roll, and moves back to the collection drum home position while dispensing a threadable portion of at least the backing layer. The backing layer separation assembly has a backing layer separation device and a backing layer separation mechanism. The backing layer separation device translates from a separation device home position to a separation device engagement position and pulls the threadable portion into proximity to the backing layer separation mechanism for separating the backing layer from the layup material.

Abstract: A manufacturing system includes a plurality of lamination heads and a head-moving system defining a continuous loop lamination path configured to move the lamination heads in series along the lamination path. The manufacturing system also includes at least one lamination mandrel positioned along a portion of the lamination path. The lamination heads are each configured to dispense a layup material onto the at least one lamination mandrel or onto layup material previously applied onto the lamination mandrel while the lamination heads are moved by the head-moving system through one or more revolutions of the lamination path to lay up a composite laminate.

Abstract: A lamination head having bi-directional layup capability has a material supply drum configured to support a material roll of backed material which is comprised of layup material backed by a backing layer. A backing layer separation assembly receives the backed material from the material supply drum and has a backing layer directional control device and first and second backing layer separation mechanisms. The backing layer directional control device in the first mode separation position is aligned with the first backing layer separation mechanism for separating the backing layer from the layup material as the lamination head moves along a first direction of travel. The backing layer directional control device in the second mode separation position is aligned with the second backing layer separation mechanism for separating the backing layer from the layup material as the lamination head moves along a second direction of travel.

Abstract: A lamination head has a material supply drum, a backing layer collection drum, and a backing layer separation assembly. The material supply drum supports a material roll of backed material comprising layup material backed by a backing layer. The backing layer collection drum moves from a collection drum home position to a collection drum engagement position proximate the material supply drum, engage a backing layer leading edge on the material roll, and moves back to the collection drum home position while dispensing a threadable portion of at least the backing layer. The backing layer separation assembly has a backing layer separation device and a backing layer separation mechanism. The backing layer separation device translates from a separation device home position to a separation device engagement position and pulls the threadable portion into proximity to the backing layer separation mechanism for separating the backing layer from the layup material.

Abstract: A manufacturing system includes a first mandrel, a second mandrel, and laminate securing mechanisms. The first mandrel has a first mandrel surface and a first mandrel surface edge. The second mandrel has a second mandrel surface and a second mandrel surface edge, and is positionable in a closed position in which the first mandrel surface edge and the second mandrel surface edge are in contact to form a continuous mandrel surface collectively defined by the first mandrel surface and the second mandrel surface. The second mandrel translates to an open position defining a gap between the first mandrel surface edge and the second mandrel surface edge for receiving a forming die. The laminate securing mechanisms secure the composite laminate on at least one of the first mandrel and the second mandrel during trimming and/or forming of the composite laminate.

Abstract: Composite materials comprising at least one ply of dry fiber prepreg material comprising encapsulated resin-containing particles, components made from such composite materials, and methods of making such composite materials and dry fiber prepreg materials are set forth herein.

Abstract: Provided are end effectors and methods of using such end effectors for handling various composite structures. An end effector includes a support structure bendable relative the principal axis of the end effector. The support structure is disposed within a cavity partially formed by an engaging portion of the end effector. The engaging portion is formed from a flexible material and includes multiple openings in fluid communication with the cavity. When the engaging portion contacts a composite structure and when the pressure inside the cavity is reduced below the ambient level, the composite structure is forced against the engaging portion due to this pressure differential. The flexibility of the support structure and of the engaging portion allows the end effector to conform to the shape of the composite structure. At the same time, the support structure maintains the shape of the cavity in the directions normal to the principal axis.

Abstract: Composite materials are disclosed comprising at least one ply of dry fiber prepreg material comprising encapsulated resin-containing particles, components made from such composite materials, and methods of making such composite materials and dry fiber prepreg materials are disclosed.