Abstract: This application relates to a building energy analysis and management system for measurement and verification of building performance. The system can analyze, optimize, manage, maintain, trouble shoot, and/or modify building systems, such as HVAC systems, in connection with the building energy usage. Measurements may be gathered for one or more HVAC units coupled to pressure independent valves, and sent to one or more Surge Panels that pass data to remote analysis servers, which can receive other system or external data. The analysis servers compare measurements to predicted values and can standardize the predicted values to account for external conditions. The comparison can result in difference values used to generate probable causes and optimization recommendations. The system outputs reports or other data display using a graphical user interface that can be adjusted for an anticipated user.

Abstract: A CMOS linear amplifier is disclosed with a frequency compensation circuit that employs a Miller integrater construction in which the feedback capacitor is coupled by way of a noninverting amplifier operating at constant current and therefore does not load the inverting amplifier input or bypass the integrator amplifier.

Abstract: Several embodiments of isolated lateral transistors are shown. The emitter and collector electrodes of each embodiment are formed in the same processing step as the region which isolates the transistor from other structures. Consequently, the emitter and collector electrodes are each relatively heavily doped and extend to an underlying buried layer over which the transistor is formed. The heavy doping and the deep penetration of the collector and emitter diffusions tend to increase transistor efficiency; and since the emitter and collector electrodes are formed in the same processing step as the isolation diffusion, there is a reduction in processing complexity.