Abstract: The lamp filament has a substoichiometric nitrided surface layer containing hafnium or hafnium alloy which exhibits higher emissivity in the visible light spectrum. The filament is made by providing a metallic wire containing hafnium, shaping the wire into a filament and then reacting the filament in an atmosphere containing hydrogen.

Abstract: Two ferrous-based components are bonded together to form a bonded structure and simultaneously a layer is diffused into the surfaces of the components. The process involves first placing the components in juxtaposition, and contacting the juxtaposed components with a molten lead bath having at least one diffusing element therein. One component may be a corrugated sheet and the other may be an uncorrugated or less corrugated sheet, the sheets being in the form of helixes interposed in each other to create a substantial number of fold lines being in contact with the surface of the uncorrugated sheet. Alternately, a sheet with projections may be used in place of the corrugated sheet.

Abstract: Predetermined diffusing elements such as chromium and/or aluminum are diffused into the surface of a ferrous-based part while preventing, or at least minimizing, bonding of portions of such part to each other or to a fixture with which the part is processed, by constructing the fixture of a barrier material or placing a barrier layer between the member and the part. The barrier has a composition to substantially preclude diffusion therein of the predetermined element and that is capable of withstanding a molten-lead alloy bath. Then the part is contacted by a molten alloy bath consisting essentially of lead and the diffusing elements. Thereafter, the part is separated from the member. The process finds particular use when the part is coiled sheet steel, in which case adjacent flights of coil are spaced by separator means which is made of a barrier material or carries a barrier layer.

Abstract: A ferrous based substrate is diffusion coated by contacting the substrate with a molten alloy bath consisting essentially of lead and chromium, wherein the quantity of chromium is less than 0.85% of the weight of the lead.

Abstract: A ferrous based substrate is diffusion coated by contacting the substrate with a molten alloy bath consisting essentially of lead and chromium, wherein the quantity of chromium is less than 0.85% of the weight of the lead.

Abstract: Filament wear guides which are characterized by excellent resistance to abrasive filament wear. Also, the method of their fabrication. A chromium surface on a substrate is controllably nitrided. Such nitriding is accomplished thermally. Resulting chromium nitride surface layer is non-particulate and substantially impervious.

Abstract: Filament wear guides which are characterized by excellent resistance to abrasive filament wear. Also, the method of their fabrication. A chromium surface on a substrate is controllably oxidized or nitrided and oxidized. Such oxidation or nitriding plus oxidizing is accomplished thermally. The coatings consist of oxide alone, or oxide formed in conjunction with the nitride depending upon the treatment employed. Resulting chromium oxide or oxy-nitride surface layer is nonparticulate and substantially impervious.

Abstract: Nitrided cutting tool materials having excellent wear and abrasion resistance. Such materials consist essentially of an alloy base of (a) one or more metals of the group columbium and vanadium and sometimes tantalum; (b) hafnium; (c) one or more metals of the group molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium and chromium; and (d) optionally titanium and/or zirconium, all in amounts by weight as are set out in this specification. These alloys are formable to shape and are then nitrided to produce a nitrided gradient in a high hardness surface zone.